Chen Xingmiao, Chen Hansen, Deng Ruixia, Shen Jiangang
School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China.
Biomed J. 2014 May-Jun;37(3):120-6. doi: 10.4103/2319-4170.134084.
Peroxynitrite, a representative of reactive nitrogen species, plays important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of many oxidative stress-related diseases. It is generated from the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2·-) and is far more active than its precursors. Peroxynitrite can be further decomposed into other cytotoxic reactive species. Peroxynitrite and its derivatives can interact with various biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Due to its high reactivity and short lifetime, accurate detection of peroxynitrite in biological systems is a challenge task. In the last decade, huge efforts have been made to develop reliable techniques to assess the generation of peroxynitrite in various cellular and animal experiments. There are three major approaches for peroxynitrite detection, including electrochemical sensors, detection of nitrotyrosine formation, and fluorescent probes. Particularly, progress has been made in developing novel fluorescent probes to detect peroxynitrite with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Herein, we review the recent progress made in peroxynitrite detection methods and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The development of these techniques will offer new opportunities for understanding the roles of peroxynitrite in the oxidative stress-related physiological and pathological conditions and provide platforms for drug discovery targeting peroxynitrite and other free radicals for therapeutic purposes.
过氧亚硝酸盐是活性氮物种的代表，在许多氧化应激相关疾病的生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。它由一氧化氮（NO）和超氧阴离子（O2·-）反应生成，其活性远高于其前体。过氧亚硝酸盐可进一步分解为其他具有细胞毒性的活性物种。过氧亚硝酸盐及其衍生物可与各种生物分子如DNA和蛋白质相互作用。由于其高反应活性和短寿命，在生物系统中准确检测过氧亚硝酸盐是一项具有挑战性的任务。在过去十年中，人们付出了巨大努力来开发可靠的技术，以评估过氧亚硝酸盐在各种细胞和动物实验中的生成情况。过氧亚硝酸盐检测主要有三种方法，包括电化学传感器、硝基酪氨酸形成的检测以及荧光探针。特别是，在开发具有相对高灵敏度和特异性的新型荧光探针以检测过氧亚硝酸盐方面取得了进展。在此，我们综述了过氧亚硝酸盐检测方法的最新进展，并讨论了这些方法的优缺点。这些技术的发展将为理解过氧亚硝酸盐在氧化应激相关生理和病理状况中的作用提供新机会，并为以过氧亚硝酸盐和其他自由基为靶点的治疗性药物发现提供平台。
