Fiorito G
Evolution & Development of Behavior Res. Group Neurobiology Department, Stazione Zoologica, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
Behav Processes. 1986 Apr;12(4):383-8. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(86)90006-9.
In contrast to nociception, the perception of pain, or pain experience, remains a subjective notion applicable to humans, but untestable with animals. Yet, when defined operationally as a physiological response induced in an animal by stimuli painful to humans, and resulting in a protective stimulus avoidance response, pain is amenable to testing with non-human subjects. This paper considers a series of examples showing responses to stimuli that are both painful (nociceptive) and responsible for eliciting natural self-preserving behavior in Invertebrates. Consideration is also given to the evolution and possible mechanism underlying the "pain-system" in Invertebrates.
与伤害感受不同，疼痛的感知，即疼痛体验，仍然是一个适用于人类的主观概念，但无法在动物身上进行测试。然而，当将疼痛在操作上定义为由对人类而言具有疼痛性的刺激在动物身上诱发的生理反应，并导致保护性刺激回避反应时，疼痛就可以用非人类受试者进行测试。本文考虑了一系列例子，展示了对既具有疼痛性（伤害感受性）又能引发无脊椎动物自然自我保护行为的刺激的反应。同时也探讨了无脊椎动物“疼痛系统”的进化及其潜在机制。
