Galef B G, Manzig L A, Field R M
Psychology Dept., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4K1, Canada.
Behav Processes. 1986 Jun;13(1-2):191-202. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(86)90025-2.
Dawson and Foss (1985) have reported that each of five naive budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus ) after watching a demonstrator budgerigar use one of three different methods of opening a covered food dish, used the same method as its respective demonstrator to uncover its own food fish. Our first attempt to replicate Dawson and Foss' experiment was unsuccessful and revealed a number of sources of ambiguity in their methods. Modified procedures, removing these ambiguities, produced results confirming those of Dawson and Foss. However, although observer budgies exhibited a significant tendency to use the same method to uncover a food dish as did their respective demonstrators, the effect was both of brief duration and marginal significance. This relative fragility of the Dawson and Foss' (1965) finding renders it unsuitable as a model system for exploring the phenomenon of imitation learning.
道森和福斯（1985年）报告称，五只从未接触过此类行为的虎皮鹦鹉（虎皮鹦鹉属）在观看一只示范虎皮鹦鹉使用三种不同方法之一打开一个有盖食盘后，都采用了与其各自示范者相同的方法来打开自己的食盘。我们首次尝试重复道森和福斯的实验未成功，且发现了他们方法中存在的一些模糊之处。修改后的程序消除了这些模糊之处，得出的结果证实了道森和福斯的结果。然而，尽管观察用的虎皮鹦鹉表现出明显的倾向，即采用与其各自示范者相同的方法来打开食盘，但这种效果持续时间短暂且意义不大。道森和福斯（1965年）这一发现的相对脆弱性使其不适宜作为探索模仿学习现象的模型系统。
