Jaffard R, Dubois M, Galey D
Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie, Université de Bordeaux I, Institut de Biologie Animale Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex France.
Behav Processes. 1981 Mar;6(1):11-21. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(81)90012-7.
Spontaneous alternation in a T maze was studied as a one trial learning paradigm in mice of the BALB/c strain. In the first experiment the combined effects of time interval between the first and second trial (intertrial interval: ITI), food deprivation and feeding given during the first trial, were shown to affect performance. Thus, on the one hand, the percentage of spontaneous alternation decreased as ITI increased; on the other hand, food reward dramatically improved spontaneous alternation for the 24-h ITI, but had no significant effect for 30-sec and 1-h ITI. Since the effect of feeding might be due either to an increase of arousal, thus favoring input of informations associated with the first choice, or to an improvement in memory consolidation, a second experiment was aimed at testing the effect of food given after the first trial. It was shown that, as in the first experiment, post-trial feeding improved spontaneous alternation on the second trial given 24 hours later with a temporal gradient of effect less than 30 min. These results clearly showed that the reinforcement of run to one side (first trial) increased the tendency to go to the other side 24 hours later. It is concluded that reinforcement might have two distinct effects: (i) according to SR theory, reinforcement increases conditioned responses and (ii), as shown here, acts on memory processes by preventing memory traces from fading. The fact that this last effect was only observed for long ITI suggests that short-term or transient memory and long-term memory are two relatively independent processes.
在BALB/c品系小鼠中，将T迷宫中的自发交替行为作为一种单次试验学习范式进行了研究。在第一个实验中，首次试验和第二次试验之间的时间间隔（试验间隔：ITI）、禁食以及首次试验期间给予食物等因素的综合作用被证明会影响实验表现。因此，一方面，自发交替的百分比随着ITI的增加而降低；另一方面，食物奖励在24小时的ITI时显著改善了自发交替行为，但在30秒和1小时的ITI时没有显著影响。由于喂食的影响可能是由于唤醒的增加，从而有利于与第一次选择相关的信息输入，或者是由于记忆巩固的改善，因此进行了第二个实验来测试首次试验后给予食物的效果。结果表明，与第一个实验一样，试验后喂食改善了24小时后第二次试验中的自发交替行为，其效果的时间梯度小于30分钟。这些结果清楚地表明，向一侧奔跑（首次试验）的强化增加了24小时后向另一侧奔跑的倾向。得出的结论是，强化可能有两种不同的效果：（i）根据SR理论，强化增加条件反应；（ii）如这里所示，通过防止记忆痕迹消退作用于记忆过程。最后这种效果仅在长ITI时观察到这一事实表明，短期或瞬时记忆和长期记忆是两个相对独立的过程。
