Spetch M L
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 92093.
Behav Processes. 1985 Aug;11(3):309-15. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(85)90025-7.
Parallel effects of temporal variables on autoshaping and on delayed matching to sample performance suggest that delayed matching, like autoshaping, might depend upon the within-trial expectancy of reinforcement relative to the overall expectancy of reinforcement in the session. This possibility was assessed by presenting free food at different times during a 30-sec intertrial interval (ITI) in a delayed matching to sample procedure with pigeons. In three conditions a single free food presentation occurred, either early, mid-way, or late in each ITI; in another condition, three food presentations occurred during each ITI, one at each time location. Relative to a baseline condition, in which free food never occurred during the ITI, only food presentations late in the ITI produced a significant disruption in accuracy, and this effect occurred only at the longest of three delays tested. Three free food presentations in each ITI disrupted accuracy only to the same degree as a single, late, ITI food presentation. Thus, accuracy was affected by the temporal location rather than the frequency of ITI food presentations. These effects appear to differ from those of ITI food presentations on autoshaping and do not seem to be understandable in terms of changes in the background expectancy of reinforcement. It was suggested instead that food presented late in the ITI might disrupt subsequent memory processes.
时间变量对自动成型以及对延迟匹配样本表现的平行效应表明，与自动成型一样，延迟匹配可能取决于相对于实验环节中强化的总体预期而言的实验内强化预期。通过在鸽子的延迟匹配样本程序的30秒试间期（ITI）内的不同时间提供免费食物来评估这种可能性。在三种条件下，在每个ITI的早期、中期或晚期出现一次免费食物呈现；在另一种条件下，每个ITI期间出现三次食物呈现，每次在一个时间点。相对于基线条件（即ITI期间从不出现免费食物），只有ITI晚期的食物呈现会对准确性产生显著干扰，并且这种效应仅在测试的三个延迟时间中最长的那个时间出现。每个ITI中的三次免费食物呈现对准确性的干扰程度仅与单次、晚期的ITI食物呈现相同。因此，准确性受ITI食物呈现的时间位置而非频率的影响。这些效应似乎与ITI食物呈现对自动成型的效应不同，并且似乎无法根据强化的背景预期的变化来理解。相反，有人提出ITI晚期呈现的食物可能会干扰随后的记忆过程。
