Jones R B, Faure J M
Agricultural Research Council's Poultry Research Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS Great Britain.
I.N.R.A. Station Expérimentale d'Aviculture du Magneraud, B.P. 52, F 17700 Surgères France.
Behav Processes. 1981 Mar;6(1):47-55. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(81)90015-2.
Tonic immobility was induced in adult laying hens using different methods and substrates, factors which have shown great variety of response in previous work. The fact that topic immobility was induced in every situation confirms the robust nature of this phenomenon. Placing hens on their backs and restraining them in a U-shaped wooden cradle covered with cloth was the most reliable and consistent method. Not only was the duration of response greatest when this method was used, but less handling, with its possible stressful effects, was required to induce it. There were no significant differences in the latency to the first head movement or in the duration of immobility between adolescent 'T' (Rhode Island Red × Light Sussex) and 'S' (White Leghorn) lines but both these characteristics were considerably shorter in the 'J' line birds (Brown Leghorn). There were no significant sex differences in the duration of tonic immobility but male 'T' and 'S' line birds showed greater latencies to the first head movement and fewer subsequent alert head movements than females. These results are discussed in terms of sex and strain differences in fearfulness. The varied nomenclature used to describe the immobility reaction is discussed and an alternative term "righting time" is proposed. It is further suggested that the immobility response consists of an inhibitory and an alert stage.
采用不同方法和基质诱导成年产蛋母鸡出现强直性静止，在以往研究中这些因素显示出多种反应。在每种情况下都能诱导出强直性静止这一事实证实了该现象的稳定性。将母鸡仰卧并限制在覆盖有布的U形木制摇篮中是最可靠且一致的方法。使用这种方法时，不仅反应持续时间最长，而且诱导该反应所需的操作较少，从而减少了可能产生的应激影响。青春期的“T”系（罗德岛红鸡×浅苏塞克斯鸡）和“S”系（白来航鸡）在首次头部移动的潜伏期或强直性静止的持续时间上没有显著差异，但“J”系鸡（褐来航鸡）的这两个特征明显更短。强直性静止的持续时间没有显著的性别差异，但雄性“T”系和“S”系鸡比雌性鸡首次头部移动的潜伏期更长，随后的警觉头部移动更少。根据恐惧方面的性别和品系差异对这些结果进行了讨论。讨论了用于描述静止反应的各种术语，并提出了一个替代术语“翻正时间”。进一步表明，静止反应包括一个抑制阶段和一个警觉阶段。
