Omar Anaam E, Al-Khalaifah Hanan S, Mohamed Wafaa A M, Gharib Heba S A, Osman Ali, Al-Gabri Naif A, Amer Shimaa A
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Nov 12;7:582612. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.582612. eCollection 2020.
The effect of phenolic-rich onion extract (PROE), as a feed additive, was evaluated on the growth, carcass traits, behavior, welfare, intestinal histology, amino acid ileal digestibility "AID%," and the immune status of broiler chicks for 35 days. A total number of 400, 1-day-old broiler chicks (45.38 g ± 1.35) were allocated to four different treatments with 10 replicates each (100 chicks/treatment) consisting of: T1, basal diet without additives (control treatment) (PROE0); T2, basal diet + phenolic-rich onion extract (1 g/kg diet) (PROE1); T3, basal diet + phenolic-rich onion extract (2 g/kg diet) (PROE2); and T4, basal diet + phenolic-rich onion extract (3 g/kg diet) (PROE3). An increase in the final body weight "FBW," bodyweight gain "BWG," and feed consumption was observed ( < 0.05) at different PROE levels. Also, the thymus and bursa percentages were increased in the PROE2 and PROE3 treatments ( < 0.05). The chicks fed on PROE supplemented diets had increased frequency of feeding and drinking and showed comfortable behavior ( < 0.05) with lesser aggression ( < 0.05). Additionally, an increase was observed in the antioxidant enzyme activity, phagocytic %, phagocytic index, and serum lysozyme activity in PROE supplemented treatments, with the best outcome reported in the PROE3 treatment ( < 0.01). IgM was increased in the birds fed with PROE2 and PROE3 diets ( < 0.01). PROE supplementation increased the AID% of lysine and methionine ( <0.01), PROE3 treatment increased the AID% of threonine ( < 0.05), and PROE2 and PROE3 treatments increased the AID% of leucine and isoleucine ( < 0.05). Besides, PROE2, and PROE3 treatments increased the villus height and width, mucosal thickness, and goblet cell count from the duodena, jejuna, and ilea ( < 0.05) compared to control treatment. Based on these results, we concluded that the dietary addition of phenolic-rich onion extracts can improve the growth rate of broiler chicken by improving the AID% of amino acids and intestinal histology. Also, it can improve the welfare, antioxidant enzymes activity, and immune status of the birds. Phenolic-rich onion extracts can be used as a natural growth promoter in the poultry feed for good health and improved performance.
作为一种饲料添加剂，富含酚类的洋葱提取物（PROE）对肉鸡生长、胴体性状、行为、福利、肠道组织学、氨基酸回肠消化率“AID%”以及免疫状态的影响进行了为期35天的评估。总共400只1日龄肉鸡雏鸡（45.38克±1.35）被分配到四种不同处理组，每组10个重复（每组100只雏鸡），分别为：T1，不添加添加剂的基础日粮（对照处理）（PROE0）；T2，基础日粮+富含酚类的洋葱提取物（1克/千克日粮）（PROE1）；T3，基础日粮+富含酚类的洋葱提取物（2克/千克日粮）（PROE2）；T4，基础日粮+富含酚类的洋葱提取物（3克/千克日粮）（PROE3）。在不同PROE水平下，观察到最终体重“FBW”、体重增加“BWG”和采食量有所增加（P<0.05）。此外，PROE2和PROE3处理组的胸腺和法氏囊百分比增加（P<0.05）。采食添加PROE日粮的雏鸡采食和饮水频率增加，表现出舒适行为（P<0.05），攻击性降低（P<0.05）。此外，在添加PROE的处理组中，抗氧化酶活性、吞噬%、吞噬指数和血清溶菌酶活性均有所增加，PROE3处理组效果最佳（P<0.01）。饲喂PROE2和PROE3日粮的鸡的IgM增加（P<0.01）。添加PROE提高了赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的AID%（P<0.01），PROE3处理提高了苏氨酸的AID%（P<0.05），PROE2和PROE3处理提高了亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的AID%（P<0.05）。此外，与对照处理相比，PROE2和PROE3处理增加了十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度和宽度、黏膜厚度以及杯状细胞数量（P<0.05）。基于这些结果，我们得出结论，日粮中添加富含酚类的洋葱提取物可通过提高氨基酸的AID%和改善肠道组织学来提高肉鸡的生长速度。此外，它还可以改善鸡的福利、抗氧化酶活性和免疫状态。富含酚类的洋葱提取物可作为家禽饲料中的天然生长促进剂，以促进健康并提高生产性能。
