Khan Muhammad Shahzeb, Bawany Faizan Imran, Khan Asadullah, Hussain Mehwish, Ali Syed Shayan, Shah Syed Raza, Lashari Muhammad Nawaz
Dow University of Health Sciences, 109/2 Khayabane Amir Khusro Phase 6 DHA, Karachi, Pakistan,
Sleep Breath. 2015 Mar;19(1):291-6. doi: 10.1007/s11325-014-1018-5. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
Previous studies in the western world have reported the possible association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with anxiety and cardiovascular diseases. However, the data from developing countries such as Pakistan remains scarce in this regard. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who are at high risk of OSA and to determine the association between the risk of OSA and levels of anxiety.
The sample population consisted of 400 participants including 200 patients, who had been previously diagnosed with CAD, and 200 healthy controls. The 200 CAD patients were approached for inclusion in the study on their follow-ups after their acute symptoms had subsided. The patients were interviewed after a mean time period of 13 weeks post event. All patients with lung disease or respiratory infection were excluded from the study. The risk of OSA was determined using Berlin questionnaire, while the levels of anxiety were measured by Beck anxiety inventory scale (BAI).
More than half (n = 104) of the CAD patients were at high risk of OSA while majority (n = 168) of the healthy controls were at low risk. The high risk of OSA was significantly (P < 0.0001) more prevalent in CAD patients compared with controls. It was also observed that the patients who were at high risk of OSA, among both cases and controls, had significantly (P values <0.001) higher levels of anxiety.
A significant proportion of CAD patients are at high risk of OSA in our region. Moreover, OSA is also associated with greater levels of anxiety in both healthy people and CAD patients.
西方世界先前的研究报告了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与焦虑和心血管疾病之间可能存在的关联。然而，在这方面，来自巴基斯坦等发展中国家的数据仍然很少。本研究的主要目的是调查患有OSA高风险的冠状动脉疾病（CAD）患者的患病率，并确定OSA风险与焦虑水平之间的关联。
样本人群包括400名参与者，其中包括200名先前被诊断患有CAD的患者和200名健康对照者。在200名CAD患者急性症状消退后的随访中邀请他们纳入研究。在事件发生后的平均13周时间点对患者进行访谈。所有患有肺部疾病或呼吸道感染的患者均被排除在研究之外。使用柏林问卷确定OSA风险，同时通过贝克焦虑量表（BAI）测量焦虑水平。
超过一半（n = 104）的CAD患者处于OSA高风险，而大多数（n = 168）健康对照者处于低风险。与对照组相比，CAD患者中OSA高风险的发生率显著更高（P < 0.0001）。还观察到，在病例组和对照组中，处于OSA高风险的患者焦虑水平显著更高（P值<0.001）。
在我们地区，相当一部分CAD患者处于OSA高风险。此外，OSA在健康人和CAD患者中也与更高水平的焦虑相关。
