Eshofonie Anthony O, Lin Huai, Valcin Randy P, Martin LaTasha R, Grunenwald Paul E
Texas Department of State Health Services, Health Service Region 6/5S, 5425 Polk Street, Suite 420, Houston, TX, 77023, USA,
J Community Health. 2015 Feb;40(1):88-91. doi: 10.1007/s10900-014-9902-2.
During 2012, an increase in the number of pertussis cases or outbreaks was reported among most states within the United States. The majority of these cases included previously vaccinated children between the ages of 7-10 years. This underscores the growing concern regarding current immunization practices and vaccine efficacy, especially as it pertains to pertussis prevention within this age group. In the fall of 2012, an outbreak of pertussis occurred within a school district in a rural Texas county that was reflective of this national pattern. Our objective is to describe this outbreak, highlight the similarities with the national trend, and identify strategies for better disease prevention. The cases in this outbreak were interviewed and laboratory testing done. Information regarding exposure and immunization history among cases was obtained. Immunization audits of the affected institutions were also conducted. We performed a descriptive analysis of the collected data using EPI-INFO software v.3.5.3. A total of 34 cases were identified in this outbreak, of which 23 were PCR confirmed and 11 were epidemiologically linked. Ages ranged from 5 months to 12 years, and 62 % were among children aged 7-10 years. All cases were up-to-date on their pertussis vaccinations. Immunization coverage rate was over 90 % within each of the affected institutions. The characteristics of this outbreak bear striking similarities to the current national trend in terms of age groups and immunization status of the affected cases. Increased focus on this vulnerable target group, including heightened scrutiny of vaccine efficacy and delivery, is indicated.
2012年期间，美国多数州报告百日咳病例数或疫情有所增加。这些病例大多包括7至10岁之前接种过疫苗的儿童。这凸显了人们对当前免疫接种做法和疫苗效力日益增加的担忧，尤其是在该年龄组百日咳预防方面。2012年秋季，得克萨斯州一个乡村县的学区发生了百日咳疫情，反映了这一全国性模式。我们的目的是描述此次疫情，突出与全国趋势的相似之处，并确定更好的疾病预防策略。对此次疫情中的病例进行了访谈并进行了实验室检测。获取了病例的暴露和免疫史信息。还对受影响机构进行了免疫接种审核。我们使用EPI-INFO软件v.3.5.3对收集的数据进行了描述性分析。此次疫情共确定了34例病例，其中23例经聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊，11例有流行病学关联。年龄范围从5个月至12岁，62%的病例为7至10岁儿童。所有病例的百日咳疫苗接种均在有效期内。每个受影响机构的免疫接种覆盖率均超过90%。此次疫情的特征在受影响病例的年龄组和免疫状况方面与当前全国趋势有着惊人的相似之处。表明需要更多关注这一脆弱目标群体，包括加强对疫苗效力和接种情况的审查。
