Beatty Julia
Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Vet J. 2014 Aug;201(2):174-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.026. Epub 2014 May 22.
The most widely recognised cause of feline lymphoma is the gammaretrovirus feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Research into the mechanisms of cellular transformation employed by FeLV and other oncogenic retroviruses has provided as much information on the regulation of eukaryotic cell growth and differentiation as it has about cancer. The recognition that a cancer has a viral cause opens up the possibility of novel treatments that spare the host from cytotoxic side-effects by specifically targeting the virus, or the host's immune response to it. The ultimate prize for viral-associated cancers is their prevention. Vaccination and changes in management practices have seen the global prevalence of FeLV infection fall and, with it, the incidence of FeLV-related cancers. Remarkably, in the face of this success, the prevalence of feline lymphoma remains high. At least one other virus, the lentivirus feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), accounts for some of these cases. Transformation by FIV involves incompletely understood mechanisms that are distinct from those employed by FeLV. This review will focus on the current understanding of FeLV-associated and FIV-associated lymphoma and consider whether yet more viral aetiologies could be waiting to be discovered.
猫淋巴瘤最广为人知的病因是γ逆转录病毒猫白血病病毒（FeLV）。对FeLV和其他致癌逆转录病毒所采用的细胞转化机制的研究，为真核细胞生长和分化的调控提供了与癌症研究同样多的信息。认识到癌症由病毒引起，为开发新的治疗方法开辟了可能性，这些方法通过特异性靶向病毒或宿主对病毒的免疫反应，使宿主免受细胞毒性副作用的影响。与病毒相关癌症的最终目标是预防。疫苗接种和管理措施的改变使得全球FeLV感染率下降，与之相应的是FeLV相关癌症的发病率也下降。值得注意的是，尽管取得了这一成功，猫淋巴瘤的患病率仍然很高。至少还有一种病毒，即慢病毒猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV），导致了其中一些病例。FIV的转化涉及一些尚未完全理解的机制，这些机制与FeLV所采用的机制不同。本综述将聚焦于目前对FeLV相关和FIV相关淋巴瘤的理解，并探讨是否还有更多的病毒病因有待发现。
