De Georgia Michael A
Maxeen Stone and John A. Flower Professor of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Center for Neurocritical Care, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-5040.
J Crit Care. 2014 Aug;29(4):673-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.04.015. Epub 2014 Apr 26.
The concept of brain death was formulated in 1968 in the landmark report A Definition of Irreversible Coma. While brain death has been widely accepted as a determination of death throughout the world, many of the controversies that surround it have not been settled. Some may be rooted in a misconstruction about the history of brain death. The concept evolved as a result of the convergence of several parallel developments in the second half of the 20th century including advances in resuscitation and critical care, research into the underlying physiology of consciousness, and growing concerns about technology, medical futility, and the ethics of end of life care. Organ transplantation also developed in parallel, and though it clearly benefited from a new definition of death, it was not a principal driving force in its creation. Since 1968, the concept of brain death has been extensively analyzed, debated, and reworked. Still there remains much misunderstanding and confusion, especially in the general public. In this comprehensive review, I will trace the evolution of the definition of brain death as death from 1968 to the present, providing background, history and context.
脑死亡的概念于1968年在具有里程碑意义的报告《不可逆昏迷的定义》中得以确立。尽管脑死亡作为判定死亡的标准在全球已被广泛接受，但其周围仍存在诸多争议尚未解决。其中一些争议可能源于对脑死亡历史的误解。这一概念的演变是20世纪下半叶几个平行发展趋势共同作用的结果，包括复苏和重症监护技术的进步、对意识基础生理学的研究，以及对技术、医疗无效性和临终关怀伦理的日益关注。器官移植也在同步发展，虽然它显然受益于新的死亡定义，但并非其产生的主要驱动力。自1968年以来，脑死亡的概念已得到广泛分析、辩论和修订。然而，仍然存在许多误解和困惑，尤其是在普通公众中。在这篇全面综述中，我将追溯从1968年至今脑死亡作为死亡定义的演变过程，提供背景、历史和相关情况。
