Kräplin Anja, Bühringer Gerhard, Oosterlaan Jaap, van den Brink Wim, Goschke Thomas, Goudriaan Anna E
Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
Addict Behav. 2014 Nov;39(11):1646-1651. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
Impulsivity is a core characteristic of pathological gambling (PG), even though the underlying structure and disorder specificity is unclear. This study aimed to explore different dimensions of impulsivity in a clinical sample including PG. Furthermore, we aimed to test which alterations of the impulsivity-related dimensions are disorder specific for PG. Participants were individuals diagnosed with PG (n=51) and two groups also characterized by various impulsive behaviors: an alcohol dependence (AD; n=45) and a Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS; n=49) group. A healthy control (HC; n=53) group was recruited as comparison group. A comprehensive assessment was used including impulsivity-related and antipodal parameters of the Stop Signal Task, Stroop Task, Tower of London Task, Card Playing Task, Iowa Gambling Task and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Principal axis factor analysis revealed four impulsivity-related dimensions that were labeled 'self-reported impulsivity', 'prepotent response impulsivity', 'choice impulsivity' and 'motor impulsivity'. The PG group scored significantly higher on all four dimensions compared to the HC group. In contrast, the PG group did not differ on any of the dimensions from the AD or the GTS group, except for 'choice impulsivity' where the PG group exhibited higher factor scores compared to the GTS group. Altogether, PG is associated with generally heightened impulsivity profiles compared to a HC group, which may be further used for intervention strategies. However, heightened scores in the impulsivity dimensions are not disorder specific for PG. Further research on shared or different underlying mechanisms of these overlapping impulsivity impairments is necessary.
冲动性是病理性赌博（PG）的一个核心特征，尽管其潜在结构和疾病特异性尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨包括PG在内的临床样本中冲动性的不同维度。此外，我们旨在测试冲动性相关维度的哪些改变是PG所特有的疾病特征。参与者包括被诊断为PG的个体（n = 51）以及另外两组同样具有各种冲动行为特征的人群：酒精依赖（AD；n = 45）组和抽动秽语综合征（GTS；n = 49）组。招募了一个健康对照组（HC；n = 53）作为比较组。采用了全面的评估方法，包括停止信号任务、斯特鲁普任务、伦敦塔任务、纸牌游戏任务、爱荷华赌博任务以及巴拉特冲动性量表-11中与冲动性相关和相反的参数。主轴因子分析揭示了四个与冲动性相关的维度，分别标记为“自我报告的冲动性”、“优势反应冲动性”、“选择冲动性”和“运动冲动性”。与HC组相比，PG组在所有四个维度上的得分均显著更高。相比之下，PG组在任何维度上与AD组或GTS组均无差异，但在“选择冲动性”方面，PG组的因子得分高于GTS组。总体而言，与HC组相比，PG通常与更高的冲动性特征相关，这可进一步用于干预策略。然而，冲动性维度得分升高并非PG所特有的疾病特征。有必要对这些重叠的冲动性损伤的共同或不同潜在机制进行进一步研究。
