Dores Artemisa Rocha, Peixoto Miguel, Fernandes Carina, Geraldo Andreia, Griffiths Mark D, Barbosa Fernando
Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial - Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (LabRP-CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
J Gambl Stud. 2025 Mar;41(1):5-35. doi: 10.1007/s10899-024-10327-1. Epub 2024 Aug 5.
Identification of specific patterns of brain activity related to problem gambling may provide a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the importance of neurophysiological studies to better understand development and persistence of gambling behavior. The patterns of cognitive functioning have been investigated through electroencephalography (EEG) studies based on the near-win/near-miss (NW) effect. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the neurophysiological basis of NWs and their modulation by gambling problems through a systematic review of event-related potentials (ERP) studies elicited by feedback events. The review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). A total of 15 studies were included, 12 comprising non-problem gamblers (NPGs) and three comparing problem gamblers (PGs) with matched controls. For the P300 component, the win outcome elicited a larger amplitude than the other outcomes (NW and loss), followed by the NW outcome, which elicited a larger amplitude than loss in some studies. For feedback-related negativity (FRN), the loss outcome evoked a more negative amplitude in several studies, despite eliciting a similar amplitude to NW outcomes in others. For PGs, the NW outcome evoked a higher amplitude of P300 than loss, while NPGs showed a similar amplitude to both outcomes. The present review gathered information from different sources and provides a consistent view of the different studies. However, studies lack systematic and robust methodologies, leading to inconsistent results and making it difficult to reach any definitive conclusions.
识别与问题赌博相关的特定大脑活动模式，可能会让人更深入地了解其潜在机制，凸显了神经生理学研究对于更好理解赌博行为的发展和持续存在的重要性。基于近乎赢/近乎输（NW）效应，通过脑电图（EEG）研究对认知功能模式进行了调查。本研究的主要目的是通过对反馈事件引发的事件相关电位（ERP）研究进行系统综述，评估NW的神经生理基础及其受赌博问题的调节。该综述遵循了系统评价和Meta分析方案的首选报告项目（PRISMA）的建议。总共纳入了15项研究，其中12项包括非问题赌徒（NPGs），3项将问题赌徒（PGs）与匹配的对照组进行比较。对于P300成分，赢的结果比其他结果（NW和输）引发的波幅更大，其次是NW结果，在一些研究中，NW结果引发的波幅比输的结果更大。对于反馈相关负波（FRN），在几项研究中，输的结果引发的波幅更负，尽管在其他研究中其与NW结果引发的波幅相似。对于PGs，NW结果引发的P300波幅高于输的结果，而NPGs对这两种结果的波幅相似。本综述从不同来源收集了信息，并对不同研究提供了一致的观点。然而，研究缺乏系统且可靠的方法，导致结果不一致，难以得出任何明确的结论。
