Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Hôpital Cantonal de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM U914, South-Paris Medical School, K.-Bicêtre, France.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Sep;20(9):821-30. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12719.
The spread of carbapenemase producers in Enterobacteriaceae has now been identified worldwide. Three main carbapenemases have been reported; they belong to three classes of β-lactamases, which are KPC, NDM, and OXA-48. The main reservoirs of KPC are Klebsiella pneumoniae in the USA, Israel, Greece, and Italy, those of NDM are K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in the Indian subcontinent, and those of OXA-48 are K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in North Africa and Turkey. KPC producers have been mostly identified among nosocomial isolates, whereas NDM and OXA-48 producers are both nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. Control of their spread is still possible in hospital settings, and relies on the use of rapid diagnostic techniques and the strict implemention of hygiene measures.
目前，肠杆菌科中产碳青霉烯酶的细菌已经在全球范围内被发现。已报告有三种主要的碳青霉烯酶；它们属于三类β-内酰胺酶，分别为 KPC、NDM 和 OXA-48。KPC 的主要储主是美国、以色列、希腊和意大利的肺炎克雷伯菌，NDM 的主要储主是印度次大陆的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠杆菌，OXA-48 的主要储主是北非和土耳其的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠杆菌。KPC 的产生产生者主要在医院环境中分离到，而 NDM 和 OXA-48 的产生产生者既存在于医院环境中，也存在于社区获得性感染中。在医院环境中仍然可以控制它们的传播，这依赖于快速诊断技术的使用和严格执行卫生措施。
