Tung P-Y, Knoepfler P S
1] Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA [2] UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA [3] UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA [4] Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital For Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Oncogene. 2015 Apr 30;34(18):2288-96. doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.172. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
One of the biggest roadblocks to using stem cells as the basis for regenerative medicine therapies is the tumorigenicity of stem cells. Unfortunately, the unique abilities of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types are also mechanistically linked to their tumorigenic behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the close relationship between stem cells and cancer cells has therefore become a primary goal in the field. In addition, knowledge gained from investigating the striking parallels between mechanisms orchestrating normal embryogenesis and those that invoke tumorigenesis may well serve as the foundation for developing novel cancer treatments. Emerging discoveries have demonstrated that epigenetic regulatory machinery has important roles in normal stem cell functions, cancer development and cancer stem cell (CSC) identity. These studies provide valuable insights into both the shared and distinct mechanisms by which pluripotency and oncogenicity are established and regulated. In this review, the cancer-related epigenetic mechanisms found in pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells will be discussed, focusing on both the similarities and the differences.
将干细胞用作再生医学疗法基础的最大障碍之一是干细胞的致瘤性。不幸的是，干细胞自我更新和分化为多种细胞类型的独特能力在机制上也与它们的致瘤行为相关联。因此，了解干细胞与癌细胞之间密切关系的潜在机制已成为该领域的主要目标。此外，从研究协调正常胚胎发生的机制与引发肿瘤发生的机制之间的显著相似性中获得的知识，很可能为开发新型癌症治疗方法奠定基础。新出现的发现表明，表观遗传调控机制在正常干细胞功能、癌症发展和癌症干细胞（CSC）特性中具有重要作用。这些研究为多能性和致癌性的建立与调控的共同及不同机制提供了有价值的见解。在本综述中，将讨论多能干细胞和癌细胞中发现的与癌症相关的表观遗传机制，重点关注其异同。
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