Yamaguchi Motonori, Logan Gordon D
Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014 Nov;40(6):1713-32. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000026. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
The present study investigated the way people acquire and control skilled performance in the context of typewriting. Typing skill was degraded by changing the location of a key (target key) while retaining the locations of other keys to disable an association between the letter and the key. We conducted 4 experiments: Experiment 1 demonstrated that disabling a letter-key association affected not only the execution of the target keystroke but also the planning of other keystrokes for words involving the target key. In Experiments 2-4, typists practiced with a new target location and then transferred to a condition in which they typed the practiced words with the original key location (Experiment 2) or typed new words with the practiced key location (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 2 showed that the newly acquired letter-key association interfered with the execution of the original keystroke but not planning. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that acquisition of the new letter-key association depended on multiple levels of linguistic units. Experiment 4 demonstrated that acquisition of the new association depended on sequences both before and after the target keystroke. We discuss implications of the results for 2 prominent approaches to modeling sequential behavior: hierarchical control and recurrent network models.
本研究调查了人们在打字情境中获得和控制熟练技能表现的方式。通过改变一个键（目标键）的位置，同时保持其他键的位置不变，以破坏字母与键之间的关联，从而使打字技能退化。我们进行了4个实验：实验1表明，破坏字母与键的关联不仅影响目标按键的执行，还影响涉及目标键的单词中其他按键的规划。在实验2 - 4中，打字员先在新的目标位置进行练习，然后转换到以下条件：在实验2中，他们用原来的键位置输入练习过的单词；在实验3和4中，他们用练习过的键位置输入新单词。实验2表明，新获得的字母与键的关联会干扰原来按键的执行，但不影响规划。实验3和4表明，新字母与键关联的获得取决于多个语言单元层次。实验4表明，新关联的获得取决于目标按键前后的序列。我们讨论了这些结果对两种用于模拟序列行为的主要方法的意义：分层控制模型和循环网络模型。
