Yamaguchi Motonori, Logan Gordon D
Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2016 Dec;42(12):1919-1936. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000288. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Hierarchical control of skilled performance depends on the ability of higher level control to process several lower level units as a single chunk. The present study investigated the development of hierarchical control of skilled typewriting, focusing on the process of memory chunking. In the first 3 experiments, skilled typists typed words or nonwords under concurrent memory load. Memory chunks developed and consolidated into long-term memory when the same typing materials were repeated in 6 consecutive trials, but chunks did not develop when repetitions were spaced. However, when concurrent memory load was removed during training, memory chunks developed more efficiently with longer lags between repetitions than shorter lags. From these results, it is proposed that memory chunking requires 2 representations of the same letter string to be maintained simultaneously in short-term memory: 1 representation from the current trial, and the other from an earlier trial that is either retained from the immediately preceding trial or retrieved from long-term memory (i.e., study state retrieval). (PsycINFO Database Record
熟练技能的分层控制取决于高级控制将几个低级单元作为一个组块进行处理的能力。本研究调查了熟练打字分层控制的发展，重点关注记忆组块的过程。在前三个实验中，熟练打字员在同时存在记忆负荷的情况下输入单词或非单词。当相同的打字材料在连续6次试验中重复时，记忆组块得以发展并巩固到长期记忆中，但当重复间隔时，组块并未发展。然而，当在训练过程中去除同时存在的记忆负荷时，与较短间隔相比，重复间隔较长时记忆组块发展得更有效。从这些结果来看，有人提出记忆组块需要在短期记忆中同时保持同一字母串的两种表征：一种来自当前试验，另一种来自早期试验，该早期试验要么是从紧接的前一次试验中保留下来的，要么是从长期记忆中检索出来的（即学习状态检索）。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
