Schredl Michael
Am J Psychol. 2014 Summer;127(2):205-13. doi: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.2.0205.
A recent meta-analysis showed a robust gender difference in nightmare frequency of medium effect size in adolescents and young adults: Women tend to report nightmares more frequently than men. The present study, carried out in an unselected student sample, indicates that 2 factors mediate the gender difference in nightmare frequency: neuroticism and overall dream recall frequency. The effect of neuroticism on the gender difference and the finding that the gender difference in nightmare frequency emerges at an age of about 10 years suggest that gender-specific socialization processes may play an important role in explaining the gender differences in nightmare frequency in adolescents and young to middle-aged adults. This idea is supported by the previous finding that nightmare frequency is related to sex role orientation. However, longitudinal studies are necessary to validate these hypotheses.
最近的一项荟萃分析显示，在青少年和年轻人中，噩梦频率存在显著的性别差异，效应量中等：女性报告噩梦的频率往往高于男性。本研究在一个未经筛选的学生样本中进行，表明有两个因素介导了噩梦频率的性别差异：神经质和总体梦境回忆频率。神经质对性别差异的影响以及噩梦频率的性别差异在大约10岁时出现这一发现表明，特定性别的社会化过程可能在解释青少年以及青年到中年成年人噩梦频率的性别差异中起重要作用。先前关于噩梦频率与性别角色取向相关的发现支持了这一观点。然而，需要纵向研究来验证这些假设。
