Claridge G, Clark K, Davis C
University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1997 Sep;36(3):377-86. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01245.x.
The theory that psychosis and dreaming share some common underlying mechanism finds support in the observation that chronic nightmare sufferers are at increased risk for psychopathology. We examined this connection in a large general population sample, administering a battery of psychosis proneness and other personality scales, together with a nightmare distress scale; participants also answered a single question on pleasurable mood associated with dreaming. In addition, they completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory, to reinvestigate previously observed gender differences in nightmare susceptibility. It was found that, among the psychosis proneness scales, the best predictor of nightmare distress was STA, a mostly cognitive measure of schizotypy; this was true even after allowing for a strong influence in the data of general neuroticism. Other aspects of psychosis proneness--e.g. anhedonia--were unrelated to nightmares. However, sex and sex role differences did make a significant contribution, self-confessed feminine females and masculine males reporting, respectively, the highest and lowest nightmare distress. For schizotypy it was further shown that relationships were not confined to the nightmare experience; high (STA) schizotypes also significantly more often reported enjoyable dreaming. It was concluded that a unifying theme explaining the data is the schizotype's greater imaginativeness, which can have both positive and negative expression in sleep and consciousness.
精神病与做梦存在一些共同潜在机制的理论，在慢性噩梦患者患精神病理学风险增加这一观察结果中得到了支持。我们在一个大型普通人群样本中研究了这种联系，使用了一系列精神病倾向量表和其他人格量表，以及一个噩梦困扰量表；参与者还回答了一个关于与做梦相关的愉悦情绪的单一问题。此外，他们完成了贝姆性别角色量表，以重新研究先前观察到的噩梦易感性方面的性别差异。研究发现，在精神病倾向量表中，噩梦困扰的最佳预测指标是STA，这是一种主要用于测量分裂型人格的认知指标；即使考虑到一般神经质在数据中的强烈影响，情况依然如此。精神病倾向的其他方面——例如快感缺乏——与噩梦无关。然而，性别和性别角色差异确实产生了显著影响，自我认定为女性化的女性和男性化的男性分别报告了最高和最低的噩梦困扰。对于分裂型人格，进一步研究表明这种关系并不局限于噩梦体验；高（STA）分裂型人格者也更频繁地报告有愉快的梦境。研究得出结论，解释这些数据的一个统一主题是分裂型人格者具有更强的想象力，这在睡眠和意识中可能会有积极和消极的表现。
