Conway T L, Hurtado S L, Woodruff S I
Health Sciences and Epidemiology Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92186-5122.
Public Health Rep. 1993 Jan-Feb;108(1):105-15. doi: 10.21236/ada272238.
A representative sample of 406 U.S. Navy commands, including all medical treatment facilities, was surveyed in 1990 about their activities and programs to prevent the use of tobacco and promote smoking cessation during the preceding year. The vast majority of Navy commands (86 percent) provided some type of tobacco cessation educational materials or programs. However, the most common activities typically were rated as only "somewhat useful" in helping to curb tobacco use. Almost one-half of all commands offered psychological or behavioral cessation programs. Survey respondents estimated that approximately one-third of those persons who attended such a program stopped their tobacco use and nearly one-half reduced their tobacco use as a result of the program. Over-the-counter smoking cessation aids were not widely available at Navy exchange stores, individual commands, or medical treatment facilities. Furthermore, only 61 percent of all commands reported that they had a written policy or instruction regarding tobacco use. Only about one-third of medical treatment facilities had a routine system for identifying tobacco users by glancing at their medical records. However, it was estimated that 80 percent of medical treatment facility physicians routinely asked their patients about their tobacco use. The authors discuss the need for a more active Navy approach in prevention and cessation efforts and a routine system for identifying tobacco users from their medical records. In addition, inequities in cessation efforts were found among command subgroups.
1990年，对包括所有医疗设施在内的406个美国海军司令部进行了抽样调查，了解它们在前一年预防烟草使用和促进戒烟的活动及计划。绝大多数海军司令部（86%）提供了某种类型的戒烟教育材料或计划。然而，最常见的活动通常在帮助遏制烟草使用方面仅被评为“有些用处”。几乎一半的司令部提供心理或行为戒烟计划。调查受访者估计，参加此类计划的人中约有三分之一因该计划而停止吸烟，近一半的人减少了烟草使用量。非处方戒烟辅助用品在海军商店、各司令部或医疗设施中并不普遍。此外，所有司令部中只有61%报告称他们有关于烟草使用的书面政策或指示。只有约三分之一的医疗设施有通过查看病历识别烟草使用者的常规系统。然而，据估计，80%的医疗设施医生会定期询问患者的烟草使用情况。作者讨论了海军在预防和戒烟工作中采取更积极措施的必要性，以及通过病历识别烟草使用者的常规系统。此外，在司令部子群体中发现了戒烟工作的不平等现象。
