Stolle S R O, Groß S, Lenarz T, Lesinski-Schiedat A
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2014 Sep;93(9):605-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1370924. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
Complications in Children and Adults with Cochlear Implant Background: Cochlear Implants (CI) are developed in the last 20 years to a regular therapy in congenital deaf children/newborns and deafened teens and adults. The success of speech understanding with the CI in adults is so extraordinary that meanwhile also unilateral deaf, contralateral normal hearing persons are implanted. In case of early implanted children a nearly normal speech development is possible in most of the cases. MATERIAL UND METHODS: Nevertheless the surgical procedures is a challenge concerning the potential complications combined with a foreign body, the CI, in a non-steril part of the ear.
This paper reports on the complications in a patients collective, implanted within 21 years. Separated within the severity of the complications and their therapeutic consequences (conservative and surgical) it could be shown that the incidence of severe perioperative complications within the second decade could be reduced from 3.92% (first decade) to 1.8%. Also the companies have learned to construct the products more save.
In summary the reliable and complete postoperative control and the modification of therapy concepts leads to a constant reduction of complications.
人工耳蜗植入在儿童和成人中的并发症
在过去20年里，人工耳蜗已发展成为先天性失聪儿童/新生儿以及失聪青少年和成人的常规治疗手段。人工耳蜗在成人中对言语理解的成功效果非常显著，以至于现在单侧耳聋、对侧听力正常的人也会接受植入。对于早期植入人工耳蜗的儿童，大多数情况下有可能实现近乎正常的言语发育。
然而，手术操作仍是一项挑战，因为要在耳部非无菌区域植入异物（人工耳蜗），这可能引发潜在并发症。
本文报告了21年内植入人工耳蜗的一组患者的并发症情况。按照并发症的严重程度及其治疗后果（保守治疗和手术治疗）进行分类，可以看出第二个十年内严重围手术期并发症的发生率从3.92%（第一个十年）降至1.8%。同时，各公司也学会了更安全地制造产品。
总之，可靠且全面的术后监测以及治疗方案的改进使得并发症持续减少。
