St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia,
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014 Aug;14(8):468. doi: 10.1007/s11910-014-0468-2.
The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically reduced the risk of central nervous system opportunistic infection and severe dementia secondary to HIV infection in the last two decades. However, a milder form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains prevalent in the cART era and has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. In this review, we outline updated research findings on investigating and monitoring cognitive impairment in HAND patients. The outcomes of recent research on the pathogenesis of HAND and how it overlaps with neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Lastly, there is a brief discussion of the results of clinical trials using a brain-penetrating cART regimen.
在过去的二十年中，联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（cART）的引入显著降低了 HIV 感染导致的中枢神经系统机会性感染和严重痴呆的风险。然而，在 cART 时代，HIV 相关认知障碍（HAND）仍以一种较温和的形式存在，对患者的生活质量有重大影响。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 HAND 患者认知障碍研究和监测的最新研究结果。讨论了 HAND 的发病机制以及其与神经退行性疾病的重叠的最新研究结果。最后，简要讨论了使用穿透性脑 cART 方案的临床试验结果。
