Padula Amy M, Balmes John R, Eisen Ellen A, Mann Jennifer, Noth Elizabeth M, Lurmann Frederick W, Pratt Boriana, Tager Ira B, Nadeau Kari, Hammond S Katharine
Department of Pediatrics - Neonatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
1] Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2015 May;25(3):295-302. doi: 10.1038/jes.2014.42. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
Few studies have examined the relationship between ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pulmonary function in children. Major sources include vehicular emissions, home heating, wildland fires, agricultural burning, and power plants. PAHs are an important component of fine particulate matter that has been linked to respiratory health. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between estimated individual exposures to the sum of PAHs with 4, 5, or 6 rings (PAH456) and pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity) in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. We applied land-use regression to estimate individual exposures to ambient PAHs for averaging periods ranging from 1 week to 1 year. We used linear regression to estimate the relationship between exposure to PAH456 with pre- and postbronchodilator pulmonary function tests in children in Fresno, California (N=297). Among non-asthmatics, there was a statistically significant association between PAH456 during the previous 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year and postbronchodilator FEV1. The magnitude of the association increased with the length of the averaging period ranging from 60 to 110 ml decrease in FEV1 for each 1 ng/m(3) increase in PAH456. There were no associations with PAH456 observed among asthmatic children. We identified an association between annual PAHs and chronic pulmonary function in children without asthma. Additional studies are needed to further explore the association between exposure to PAHs and pulmonary function, especially with regard to differential effects between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children.
很少有研究探讨环境多环芳烃（PAHs）与儿童肺功能之间的关系。主要来源包括车辆排放、家庭供暖、野火、农业焚烧和发电厂。PAHs是细颗粒物的重要组成部分，与呼吸健康有关。这项横断面研究考察了哮喘和非哮喘儿童中估计的个体对4、5或6环PAHs总和（PAH456）的暴露与肺功能测试（一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和肺活量25%至75%之间的用力呼气流量）之间的关系。我们应用土地利用回归来估计个体在1周至1年的平均时间段内对环境PAHs的暴露。我们使用线性回归来估计加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺市儿童（N = 297）中PAH456暴露与支气管扩张剂前后肺功能测试之间的关系。在非哮喘儿童中，前3个月、6个月和1年的PAH456与支气管扩张剂后FEV1之间存在统计学上的显著关联。随着平均时间段的延长，关联强度增加，PAH456每增加1 ng/m³，FEV1下降60至110 ml。在哮喘儿童中未观察到与PAH456的关联。我们确定了无哮喘儿童中年度PAHs与慢性肺功能之间的关联。需要进一步的研究来进一步探讨PAHs暴露与肺功能之间的关联，特别是关于哮喘和非哮喘儿童之间的差异效应。
