Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Jul;22(4):386-92. doi: 10.1038/jes.2012.29. Epub 2012 May 2.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found widely in the ambient air and result from combustion of various fuels and industrial processes. PAHs have been associated with adverse human health effects such as cognitive development, childhood IQ, and respiratory health. The Fresno Asthmatic Children's Environment Study enrolled 315 children aged 6-11 years with asthma in Fresno, CA and followed the cohort from 2000 to 2008. Subjects were evaluated for asthma symptoms in up to three 14-day panels per year. Detailed ambient pollutant concentrations were collected from a central site and outdoor pollutants were measured at 83 homes for at least one 5-day period. Measurements of particle-bound PAHs were used with land-use regression models to estimate individual exposures to PAHs with 4-, 5-, or 6-member rings (PAH456) and phenanthrene for the cohort (approximately 22,000 individual daily estimates). We used a cross-validation-based algorithm for model fitting and a generalized estimated equation approach to account for repeated measures. Multiple lags and moving averages of PAH exposure were associated with increased wheeze for each of the three types of PAH exposure estimates. The odds ratios for asthmatics exposed to PAHs (ng/m(3)) ranged from 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00-1.02) to 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04-1.17). This trend for increased wheeze persisted among all PAHs measured. Phenanthrene was found to have a higher relative impact on wheeze. These data provide further evidence that PAHs contribute to asthma morbidity.
多环芳烃（PAHs）广泛存在于环境空气中，是各种燃料燃烧和工业过程的产物。PAHs 与认知发展、儿童智商和呼吸道健康等不良人类健康影响有关。弗雷斯诺哮喘儿童环境研究招募了 315 名年龄在 6-11 岁的哮喘儿童，这些儿童居住在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺，从 2000 年到 2008 年对该队列进行了随访。研究对象每年最多接受三次为期 14 天的哮喘症状评估。在一个中心地点收集了详细的环境污染物浓度数据，并在 83 个家庭中测量了室外污染物，至少有 5 天的数据。使用基于土地利用回归模型的颗粒结合态 PAHs 测量值来估计个体对 4-、5-或 6-元环（PAH456）和菲的 PAH 暴露（该队列约有 22,000 个个体每日估计值）。我们使用基于交叉验证的算法进行模型拟合，并使用广义估计方程方法来解释重复测量。PAH 暴露的多个滞后和移动平均值与三种类型的 PAH 暴露估计值的喘息增加有关。暴露于 PAHs（ng/m3）的哮喘患者的比值比范围为 1.01（95%CI，1.00-1.02）至 1.10（95%CI，1.04-1.17）。所有测量的 PAHs 中，这种喘息增加的趋势都持续存在。发现菲对喘息的影响相对较高。这些数据提供了更多证据表明 PAHs 导致哮喘发病率增加。
