Daglia Maria, Di Lorenzo Arianna, Nabavi Seyed F, Talas Zeliha S, Nabavi Seyed M
Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia Italy.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2014;15(4):362-72. doi: 10.2174/138920101504140825120737.
Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a phenolic acid widely distributed in many different families of higher plants, both in free state, and as a part of more complex molecules, such as ester derivatives or polymers. In nature, gallic acid and its derivatives are present in nearly every part of the plant, such as bark, wood, leaf, fruit, root and seed. They are present in different concentrations in common foodstuffs such as blueberry, blackberry, strawberry, plums, grapes, mango, cashew nut, hazelnut, walnut, tea, wine and so on. After consumption, about 70% of gallic acid is adsorbed and then excreted in the urine as 4-O-methylgallic acid. Differently, the ester derivatives of gallic acid, such as catechin gallate ester or gallotannins, are hydrolyzed to gallic acid before being metabolized to methylated derivatives. Gallic acid is a well known antioxidant compounds which has neuroprotective actions in different models of neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss about the neuroprotective actions of gallic acid and derivatives and their potential mechanisms of action.
没食子酸（3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸）是一种酚酸，广泛分布于许多不同科的高等植物中，既以游离状态存在，也作为更复杂分子的一部分，如酯衍生物或聚合物。在自然界中，没食子酸及其衍生物几乎存在于植物的各个部位，如树皮、木材、叶子、果实、根和种子。它们在蓝莓、黑莓、草莓、李子、葡萄、芒果、腰果、榛子、核桃、茶、葡萄酒等常见食品中的含量各不相同。摄入后，约70%的没食子酸被吸收，然后以4-O-甲基没食子酸的形式随尿液排出。不同的是，没食子酸的酯衍生物，如儿茶素没食子酸酯或没食子单宁，在被代谢为甲基化衍生物之前会先水解为没食子酸。没食子酸是一种著名的抗氧化化合物，在不同的神经退行性变、神经毒性和氧化应激模型中具有神经保护作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了没食子酸及其衍生物的神经保护作用及其潜在的作用机制。
