Choi Young S, David Allan E
Department of Chemical Engineering, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2014;15(3):192-9. doi: 10.2174/1389201015666140617093331.
A major thrust in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries is to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools that have significantly improved selectivity and specificity compared to the current state-of-the-art. This has driven much of the effort to look at molecules and materials that are significantly larger than the traditional small molecule agents. Due to size restrictions, however, many of these materials are unable to penetrate the cell membrane and gain access to the intracellular components on which they exert their action. The relatively recent discovery of cell penetrating peptides (CPP) provides a powerful tool that has enabled the intracellular delivery of these materials. While a variety of proteins, DNA, polymers and even nanoparticles have been successfully delivered into cells, there still remains some debate as to the mechanism of entry utilized by the CPPs. In this review, we provide a brief outline of the different potential mechanisms for cellular uptake of CPPs.
生物医学和制药行业的一个主要发展方向是开发诊断和治疗工具，与当前的先进技术相比，这些工具的选择性和特异性有显著提高。这推动了人们对远大于传统小分子药物的分子和材料的大量研究。然而，由于尺寸限制，这些材料中的许多无法穿透细胞膜并接触到它们发挥作用的细胞内成分。细胞穿透肽（CPP）的相对较新发现提供了一种强大的工具，使这些材料能够实现细胞内递送。虽然多种蛋白质、DNA、聚合物甚至纳米颗粒已成功递送至细胞内，但关于CPPs进入细胞所利用的机制仍存在一些争议。在本综述中，我们简要概述了CPPs细胞摄取的不同潜在机制。
