Du Yanfen, Li Tian, Wan Yafang, Long Quanxin, Liao Pu
Chongqing Center for Clinical Laboratory, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Chongqing Center for Clinical Laboratory, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2014;24(2):117-32. doi: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2014008034.
The quick spread of nosocomial bacterial infections and the increasing prevalence of drugresistant strains make the development of novel drugs for pathogens an urgent priority. Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism used by bacteria to recognize population density fluctuations and control gene expression, which play a critical role both in intraspecies and interspecies communications and regulates microbe-host interactions. Low-molecular-weight signal compounds, such as acyl-homoserine lactone and autoinducing peptide, are used by QS to control the expression of different pathogenic factors. Thus QS--and QS signal molecules in particular--is an attractive target for developing novel antimicrobial methods. Quorum-quenching enzymes, which hydrolyze or modify signal molecules in QS circuit systems to inhibit the expression of bacteria virulence factors, have been identified both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Understanding the mechanism of action of quorum-quenching enzymes also provides a promising means to control bacterial infection. This review first introduces the novel principle underling signal-based QS systems in several important pathogens and then focuses on the newly identified quorum-quenching enzymes, including lactonases, acylases, oxidoreductases, and paraoxonases; this summary introduces new concepts of antimicrobial infection.
医院内细菌感染的迅速传播以及耐药菌株的日益流行，使得开发针对病原体的新型药物成为当务之急。群体感应（QS）是细菌用来识别种群密度波动并控制基因表达的一种通讯机制，它在种内和种间通讯中都起着关键作用，并调节微生物与宿主的相互作用。群体感应利用低分子量信号化合物，如酰基高丝氨酸内酯和自诱导肽，来控制不同致病因子的表达。因此，群体感应——尤其是群体感应信号分子——是开发新型抗菌方法的一个有吸引力的靶点。群体淬灭酶可水解或修饰群体感应回路系统中的信号分子，以抑制细菌毒力因子的表达，在原核生物和真核生物中均已被发现。了解群体淬灭酶的作用机制也为控制细菌感染提供了一种有前景的方法。本文综述首先介绍了几种重要病原体中基于信号的群体感应系统的新原理，然后重点介绍了新发现的群体淬灭酶，包括内酯酶、酰基酶、氧化还原酶和对氧磷酶；本综述介绍了抗菌感染的新概念。
