Munnelly Anita, Martin Georgina, Dack Charlotte, Zedginidze Ann, McHugh Louise
School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Learn Behav. 2014 Sep;42(3):270-80. doi: 10.3758/s13420-014-0144-z.
Previous studies have found that social exclusion can cause distress to those excluded. One method used to study social exclusion is through a virtual ball-toss game known as Cyberball. In this game, participants may be excluded from or included in the ball-toss game and typically report lower feelings of self-esteem, control, belonging, and meaningful existence following exclusion. Experiments 1 and 2 sought to explore the transfer of feelings of exclusion and inclusion through stimulus equivalence classes. In both experiments, participants were trained to form two three-member equivalence classes (e.g., A1-B1, B1-C1; A2-B2, B2-C2) and were tested with novel stimulus combinations (A1-C1, C1-A1, A2-C2, C2-A2). Thereafter, participants were exposed to the Cyberball exclusion and inclusion games. In these games, one stimulus (C1) from one equivalence class was assigned as the Cyberball inclusion game name, whereas one stimulus (C2) from the other equivalence class was assigned as the Cyberball exclusion game name. In Experiment 2, participants were only exposed to the Cyberball exclusion game. During a subsequent transfer test, participants were asked to rate how included in or excluded from they thought they would be in other online games, corresponding to members of both equivalence classes. Participant reported that they felt they would be excluded from online games if the games were members of the same equivalence class as C2. In contrast, participants reported that they felt they would be included in online games if the games were members of the same equivalence class as C1. Results indicated the transfer of feelings of inclusion (Experiment 1) and feelings of exclusion (Experiments 1 and 2) through equivalence classes.
先前的研究发现，社会排斥会给被排斥者带来困扰。一种用于研究社会排斥的方法是通过一款名为“赛博球”的虚拟抛球游戏。在这个游戏中，参与者可能会被排除在抛球游戏之外或被纳入其中，并且在被排除后，他们通常会报告自尊、控制感、归属感和有意义的存在感较低。实验1和实验2旨在通过刺激等价类来探索排斥感和包容感的转移。在这两个实验中，参与者被训练形成两个三人等价类（例如，A1 - B1，B1 - C1；A2 - B2，B2 - C2），并使用新的刺激组合（A1 - C1，C1 - A1，A2 - C2，C2 - A2）进行测试。此后，参与者接触赛博球排斥和包容游戏。在这些游戏中，来自一个等价类的一个刺激（C1）被指定为赛博球包容游戏的名称，而来自另一个等价类的一个刺激（C2）被指定为赛博球排斥游戏的名称。在实验2中，参与者只接触赛博球排斥游戏。在随后的转移测试中，参与者被要求对他们认为自己在与两个等价类的成员相对应的其他网络游戏中会被纳入或排除的程度进行评分。参与者报告说，如果游戏与C2属于同一个等价类，他们觉得自己会被排除在网络游戏之外。相比之下，参与者报告说，如果游戏与C1属于同一个等价类，他们觉得自己会被纳入网络游戏。结果表明，包容感（实验1）和排斥感（实验1和实验2）通过等价类进行了转移。
