Bennike S, Wikman J M, Ottesen L S
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Aug;24 Suppl 1:138-46. doi: 10.1111/sms.12276.
This article explores a new Danish football-based activity for health called Football Fitness (FF). Data are from quantitative and qualitative methods, and the theoretical framework for the analysis of the organizational form of FF is the theory of path dependency (Mahoney) and first- and second-order change (Watzlawick et al.). Theories of Pestoff concerning differences between state, market, and the civil society and theories of voluntary associations in a Danish context (Kaspersen & Ottesen; Ibsen & Seippel) are applied. This article indicates how FF is a result of the changing landscape of sport and argues that it can be beneficial to target sports organizations and include the expertise of non-profit sports clubs if the goal is to raise the physical activity level of the local community and make these long lasting. But the organizations need to consider how this is to be done. FF, established by the Danish Football Association (FA) and managed by the voluntary clubs, is one example in a Danish context. Data indicate that FF is beneficial to the clubs involved in a number of ways. Among other things, it attracts new user groups and improves the club environment, including social activities and parental environment.
本文探讨了一项名为“足球健身”（FF）的、以丹麦足球为基础的新型健康活动。数据来源于定量和定性方法，分析FF组织形式的理论框架是路径依赖理论（马奥尼）以及一阶和二阶变化理论（瓦茨拉维克等人）。应用了佩斯托夫关于国家、市场和公民社会差异的理论以及丹麦背景下的志愿协会理论（卡斯佩森和奥特森；易卜生和塞佩尔）。本文指出FF是体育格局变化的产物，并认为如果目标是提高当地社区的身体活动水平并使其持久，那么针对体育组织并纳入非营利性体育俱乐部的专业知识可能会有所帮助。但各组织需要考虑如何做到这一点。由丹麦足球协会（FA）设立并由志愿俱乐部管理的FF就是丹麦背景下的一个例子。数据表明，FF在许多方面对参与其中的俱乐部有益。它吸引了新的用户群体，改善了俱乐部环境，包括社交活动和家长环境等。
