10-12 岁男孩的幸福感、身体健康和健康状况与业余体育俱乐部活动的关系：一项横断面研究。
Well-being, physical fitness and health profile of 10-12 years old boys in relation to leisure-time sports club activities: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2021 Nov 30;11(11):e050194. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050194.
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the correlation between sports club activities and well-being and physical health parameters in 10-12 years old boys.
DESIGN
Cross sectional.
SETTING
Danish schools.
PARTICIPANTS
2293 boys took part in the study.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Questionnaires on participation in sports clubs and well-being and testing of physical health profile through measurement of body composition, resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure and postural balance, jump and Yo-Yo IR1C performance. Data were analysed by participation in sport and according to the five most frequently reported sports.
RESULTS
Boys enrolled in sports clubs had higher physical well-being (51.7±9.7 vs 45.9±8.7) and psychological well-being (53.3±9.6 vs 51.4±10.0), experienced more peers and social support (50.9±9.9 vs 48.0±11.6), and had a more positive perception of the school environment (48.6±7.5 vs 45.9±8.1) than boys not involved in sports clubs. In addition, they showed better Yo-Yo IR1C (+46%), long jump (9%) and balance test performance (+20%). The boys active in sports clubs had higher relative muscle mass (+6%) and lower fat percentage (-3%), body mass index (-6%) and RHR (-5%) compared with boys not involved in sports clubs (p<0.05). Boys enrolled in football clubs had higher aerobic fitness compared with boys not active in clubs (+11%), handball players (+5%), swimmers (+8%) and badminton players (+7%). Moreover, the boys enrolled in football clubs had lower fat percentage (-17%) and higher relative muscle mass (+4%) than swimmers.
CONCLUSION
Boys participating in club-based sports showed markedly higher levels of well-being and better physical health profiles than boys not involved in sports club activities. Footballers had superior aerobic fitness and body composition compared with those active in other sports. Results suggest that sports club activities seem to be beneficial for young boys' well-being, fitness and physical health profile, with the greatest benefits achieved by boys involved in football.
目的
本研究旨在探讨丹麦 10-12 岁男童参加运动俱乐部活动与幸福感和身体健康参数之间的相关性。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
丹麦学校。
参与者
2293 名男童参与了本研究。
主要和次要结果测量
通过参与运动俱乐部的情况和根据最常报告的五项运动对幸福感进行问卷调查，并通过测量身体成分、静息心率（RHR）、血压和姿势平衡、跳跃和 Yo-YoIR1C 表现来测试身体健康状况。通过参与运动的情况和最常报告的五项运动对数据进行分析。
结果
参加运动俱乐部的男童具有更高的身体幸福感（51.7±9.7 比 45.9±8.7）和心理幸福感（53.3±9.6 比 51.4±10.0），更多的同伴和社会支持（50.9±9.9 比 48.0±11.6），以及对学校环境的更积极看法（48.6±7.5 比 45.9±8.1），而不参加运动俱乐部的男童则不然。此外，他们在 Yo-YoIR1C（+46%）、跳远（9%）和平衡测试表现（+20%）方面表现更好。与不参加运动俱乐部的男童相比，参加运动俱乐部的男童具有更高的相对肌肉质量（+6%）和更低的体脂百分比（-3%）、体重指数（-6%）和 RHR（-5%）（p<0.05）。参加足球俱乐部的男童与不活跃于俱乐部的男童相比具有更高的有氧健身水平（+11%）、手球运动员（+5%）、游泳运动员（+8%）和羽毛球运动员（+7%）。此外，参加足球俱乐部的男童体脂百分比（-17%）和相对肌肉质量（+4%）均高于游泳运动员。
结论
参加俱乐部运动的男童的幸福感和身体健康状况明显高于不参加运动俱乐部活动的男童。足球运动员的有氧健身水平和身体成分优于其他运动项目的参与者。结果表明，运动俱乐部活动似乎对男童的幸福感、健身水平和身体健康状况有益，其中足球运动的受益最大。
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