Antiplasmodial properties of kaempferol-3--rhamnoside isolated from the leaves of against chloroquine-resistant .

Previous intervention studies have shown that the most effective agents used in the treatment of malaria were isolated from natural sources. Plants consumed by non-human primates serve as potential drug sources for human disease management due to the similarities in anatomy, physiology and disease characteristics. The present study investigated the antiplasmodial properties of the primate-consumed plant, ( Korth. (family ), which has already been reported to have several biological activities. The ethanol extract of was fractionated based on polarity using -hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The antiplasmodial activity was tested against chloroquine-resistant () at 100 μg/ml for 72 h. The major compound of the most active ethyl acetate fraction was subsequently isolated using column chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. The characterized compound was also tested against chloroquine-resistant in culture to evaluate its antiplasmodial activity. The ethanol extract of at 100 μg/ml exhibited a significant parasite shrinkage after 24 h of treatment. The ethyl acetate fraction at 100 μg/ml was the most active fraction against chloroquine-resistant . Based on the structural characterization, the major compound isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction was kaempferol-3--rhamnoside, which showed promising antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant with an IC of 106 μM after 24 h of treatment. The present study has provided a basis for the further investigation of kaempferol-3--rhamnoside as an active compound for potential antimalarial therapeutics.