Bitterman Olimpia, Bongiovanni Marzia, Giuliani Chiara, Roma Giona, Toscano Vincenzo, Napoli Angela
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy,
J Endocrinol Invest. 2014 Oct;37(10):911-5. doi: 10.1007/s40618-014-0087-4. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
Thyroid autoimmunity is very frequent in women of reproductive age and is associated with many adverse pregnancy outcomes; also, diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, of any type, is associated to many complications. In type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity is higher than in healthy population. Instead, the association of thyroid autoimmunity with other types of diabetes is less clear; however, there are some studies claiming that the prevalence is higher in gestational diabetes too. Poor data about type 2 diabetes in pregnancy are available. It is also unclear how diabetes and thyroid function influence each other and if levothyroxine therapy is necessary in pregnancy with positive autoimmunity but normal thyroid function.
The aim of this article was to find in the literature studies on thyroid autoimmunity in different types of diabetes in pregnancy, in order to detect any difference in prevalence. Data were found through pubmed database from 1990 to 2013.
Several studies found a higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in GDM compared to healthy controls; therefore it would be appropriate to extend screening for thyroid diseases to women with GDM. More studies are needed on the possible requirement of therapy for thyroid autoimmunity when the function is normal.
甲状腺自身免疫在育龄女性中非常常见，且与许多不良妊娠结局相关；此外，任何类型的妊娠期糖尿病都与许多并发症有关。在1型糖尿病中，甲状腺自身免疫的患病率高于健康人群。相反，甲状腺自身免疫与其他类型糖尿病的关联尚不清楚；然而，有一些研究称，妊娠期糖尿病中的患病率也较高。关于妊娠期2型糖尿病的数据较少。糖尿病和甲状腺功能如何相互影响，以及在自身免疫呈阳性但甲状腺功能正常的妊娠中是否需要左甲状腺素治疗也尚不清楚。
本文的目的是在文献中查找关于妊娠期不同类型糖尿病中甲状腺自身免疫的研究，以检测患病率的差异。通过1990年至2013年的PubMed数据库查找数据。
多项研究发现，与健康对照组相比，妊娠期糖尿病中甲状腺自身免疫的患病率更高；因此，将甲状腺疾病筛查扩展至妊娠期糖尿病女性是合适的。对于甲状腺功能正常时甲状腺自身免疫可能的治疗需求，还需要更多研究。
