Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2015 Jan;52(1):260-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.011. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Pre-hospital emergency care is a particularly vulnerable setting for workplace violence. However, there is no literature available to date on the psychological consequences of violence in pre-hospital emergency care.
To evaluate the psychological consequences of exposure to workplace violence from patients and those accompanying them in pre-hospital emergency care.
A retrospective cross-sectional study.
70 pre-hospital emergency care services located in Madrid region.
A randomized sample of 441 health care workers (135 physicians, 127 nurses and 179 emergency care assistants).
Data were collected from February to May 2012. The survey was divided into four sections: demographic/professional information, level of burnout determined by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), mental health status using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and frequency and type of violent behaviour experienced by staff members.
The health care professionals who had been exposed to physical and verbal violence presented a significantly higher percentage of anxiety, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and burnout syndrome compared with those who had not been subjected to any aggression. Frequency of verbal violence (more than five times) was related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.
Type of violence (i.e. physical aggression) is especially related to high anxiety levels and frequency of verbal aggression is associated with burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). Psychological counselling should be made available to professional staff who have been subjected to physical aggression or frequent verbal violence.
院前急救是工作场所暴力的一个特别脆弱的环境。然而，迄今为止，尚无关于院前急救人员遭受暴力的心理后果的文献。
评估院前急救人员在接触患者和患者陪同人员的暴力行为时所产生的心理后果。
回顾性横断面研究。
马德里地区的 70 个院前急救服务中心。
随机抽取的 441 名医护人员（135 名医生、127 名护士和 179 名急救助理）。
数据收集于 2012 年 2 月至 5 月。调查分为四个部分：人口统计学/专业信息、用 Maslach 职业倦怠量表（MBI）确定的倦怠程度、使用一般健康问卷（GHQ-28）评估的心理健康状况以及工作人员经历的暴力行为的频率和类型。
与未遭受任何攻击的医护人员相比，遭受过身体和言语暴力的医护人员表现出更高比例的焦虑、情绪耗竭、去人性化和倦怠综合征。言语暴力（超过 5 次）的发生频率与情绪耗竭和去人性化有关。
暴力的类型（如身体攻击）与高度焦虑水平特别相关，言语攻击的频率与倦怠（情绪耗竭和去人性化）有关。应向遭受过身体攻击或频繁言语攻击的专业人员提供心理辅导。
