VI Vernadskii Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Palladin Pr. 32/34, Kiev 03142, Ukraine.
AN Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Leninskii Pr. 31, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2014 May 29;9(1):271. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-271. eCollection 2014.
The aim of the work was to elucidate the nature of charge-selective properties of macroporous composite inorganic membranes modified with nanoparticles of hydrated zirconium dioxide. The membranes have been investigated using methods of standard contact porosimetry, potentiometry, electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The ion exchanger has been found to deposit inside pores of ceramics. Differential curves of pore volume distribution have been resolved using Lorentz functions; each maximum has been related to structure elements of the matrix and ion exchanger by means of calculations according to homogeneous and heterogeneous geometrical models. It was found that the voids, the radius of which is 4 to 8 nm, are responsible for charge selectivity of the composite membranes. These pores are formed due to blocking of macropores of ceramics with aggregates of nanoparticles of the ion exchanger; the radius of these aggregates is 20 to 24 nm. The membranes were applied to desalination of the solution containing NaCl. The removal degree of the salt from the solution reached 95% and 9% for the composite and unmodified membranes, respectively.
本工作旨在阐明用氧化锆水合纳米粒子改性的大孔复合无机膜的荷质选择性的本质。采用标准接触孔隙率法、电位法、电子显微镜和小角 X 射线散射法对膜进行了研究。发现离子交换剂沉积在陶瓷的孔内。通过洛伦兹函数解析了孔径分布的微分曲线；通过根据均匀和非均匀几何模型进行的计算，将每个最大值与基质和离子交换剂的结构元素相关联。结果发现，其半径为 4 至 8nm 的空隙对复合膜的荷质选择性负责。这些孔是由于陶瓷的大孔被离子交换剂的纳米粒子聚集体阻塞而形成的，这些聚集体的半径为 20 至 24nm。将这些膜应用于含有 NaCl 的溶液的脱盐。复合膜和未改性膜的脱盐率分别达到 95%和 9%。
