Jia Ying-Nan, Fu Hua
School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 20;14:627. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-627.
How to promote physical activity is an important public health problem that is attracting increasing attention. Although the application of environmental approaches is believed to promote resident walking, there remains insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of these interventions.
This study employed direct observation and questionnaires. Observations were performed on each Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, and Sunday from April 13th to May 16th. Fourteen trained observers observed six community walking paths, and an additional walking path in a park. The trained observers filled out 2388 observation forms in the field, including 228 forms rating the permanent environment, and 1080 forms assessing the current environment and counting the number of walkers. A total of 1800 questionnaires were administered to community residents.
The results of both observation and questionnaires showed good association regarding the characteristics of walking path users (for observation, female = 54.4%; for questionnaire interviews, female, OR = 1.441), and the environmental features associated with walking path utilization (for observation, positive associations were observed between the utilization index and observational environmental variables; for questionnaire interviews, roads and aesthetics were important, OR = 1.044). There were positive associations between path use and time, a preference for brisk walking, and the observed current and permanent environmental variables. Female participants were more likely to use walking paths than males (OR = 1.441, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.126-1.846). BMI and traffic hazard safety were significantly negatively associated with walking path use (OR = 0.948, 95% CI 0.915-0.981, and OR = 0.933, 95% CI 0.887-0.981, respectively). Roads, aesthetics, and knowledge of physical activity were significantly positively correlated with use of walking paths (OR = 1.044, 95% CI 1.017-1.072, and OR = 1.175, 95% CI 1.043-1.323). Participants that resided further than 1 km from the park were less likely to use walking paths (OR = 0.703, 95% CI 0.530-0.933). Gender-specific associations were also found.
Both perceived and objective environmental factors were associated with walking path use. Data suggested that the permanent and current conditions of the paths might influence walking path utilization, and that gender-specific promotion strategies should be considered.
如何促进身体活动是一个日益受到关注的重要公共卫生问题。尽管人们认为采用环境方法可促进居民步行，但这些干预措施有效性的证据仍然不足。
本研究采用直接观察法和问卷调查法。观察在4月13日至5月16日期间的每周二、周四、周六和周日进行。14名经过培训的观察员对6条社区步行道以及公园里的另一条步行道进行观察。经过培训的观察员在现场填写了2388份观察表格，其中包括228份对永久环境进行评分的表格，以及1080份评估当前环境并统计步行者数量的表格。共向社区居民发放了1800份问卷。
观察和问卷调查结果在步行道使用者特征方面显示出良好的相关性（观察结果显示，女性占54.4%；问卷调查显示，女性，比值比[OR]=1.441），以及与步行道使用相关的环境特征（观察结果显示，使用指数与观察到的环境变量之间存在正相关；问卷调查显示，道路和美观程度很重要，OR=1.044）。步行道使用与时间、快走偏好以及观察到的当前和永久环境变量之间存在正相关。女性参与者比男性更有可能使用步行道（OR=1.441，95%置信区间[CI]为1.126 - 1.846）。体重指数（BMI）和交通危险安全性与步行道使用显著负相关（分别为OR=0.948，95%CI为0.915 - 0.981，以及OR=0.933，95%CI为0.887 - 0.981）。道路、美观程度以及身体活动知识与步行道使用显著正相关（OR=1.044，95%CI为1.017 - 1.072，以及OR=1.175，95%CI为1.043 - 1.323）。居住在距离公园1公里以外的参与者使用步行道的可能性较小（OR=0.703，95%CI为D0.530 - 0.933）。还发现了特定性别的关联。
感知到的环境因素和客观环境因素均与步行道使用相关。数据表明，步行道的永久状况和当前状况可能会影响步行道的使用情况，并应考虑针对性别的促进策略。
