Revenfeld Anne Louise Schacht, Bæk Rikke, Nielsen Morten Hjuler, Stensballe Allan, Varming Kim, Jørgensen Malene
Laboratory for Medical Mass Spectrometry, Section for Biomedicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Clin Ther. 2014 Jun 1;36(6):830-46. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.05.008.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-enclosed entities released from cells in many different biological systems. These vesicles play an important role in cellular communication by virtue of their protein, RNA, and lipid content, which can be transferred among cells. The complement of biomolecules reflects the parent cell, and their characterization may provide information about the presence of an aberrant process. Peripheral blood is a rich source of circulating EVs, which are easily accessible through a blood sample. An analysis of EVs in peripheral blood could provide access to unparalleled amounts of biomarkers of great diagnostic and prognostic value. The objectives of this review are to briefly present the current knowledge about EVs and to introduce a toolbox of selected techniques, which can be used to rapidly characterize clinically relevant properties of EVs from peripheral blood.
Several techniques exist to characterize the different features of EVs, including size, enumeration, RNA cargo, and protein phenotype. Each technique has a number of advantages and pitfalls. However, with the techniques presented in this review, a possible platform for EV characterization in a clinical setting is outlined.
Although EVs have great diagnostic and prognostic potential, a lack of standardization regarding EV analysis hampers the full use of this potential. Nevertheless, the analysis of EVs in peripheral blood has several advantages compared with traditional analyses of many soluble molecules in blood.
Overall, the use of EV analysis as a diagnostic and prognostic tool has prodigious clinical potential.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是在许多不同生物系统中从细胞释放出来的小的、膜包裹的实体。这些囊泡凭借其蛋白质、RNA和脂质成分在细胞通讯中发挥重要作用，这些成分可在细胞间转移。生物分子的组成反映了母细胞，对其进行表征可能会提供有关异常过程存在的信息。外周血是循环EVs的丰富来源，通过血液样本很容易获取。对外周血中的EVs进行分析可以获得大量具有巨大诊断和预后价值的生物标志物。本综述的目的是简要介绍关于EVs的当前知识，并介绍一套选定的技术工具箱，可用于快速表征外周血中EVs的临床相关特性。
有几种技术可用于表征EVs的不同特征，包括大小、计数、RNA含量和蛋白质表型。每种技术都有许多优点和缺陷。然而，通过本综述中介绍的技术，概述了在临床环境中进行EVs表征的一个可能平台。
尽管EVs具有巨大的诊断和预后潜力，但EVs分析缺乏标准化阻碍了这一潜力的充分发挥。尽管如此，与传统的血液中许多可溶性分子分析相比，外周血中EVs的分析有几个优点。
总体而言，将EVs分析用作诊断和预后工具具有巨大的临床潜力。
