Adams Claire E, Chen Minxing, Guo Lin, Lam Cho Y, Stewart Diana W, Correa-Fernández Virmarie, Cano Miguel A, Heppner Whitney L, Vidrine Jennifer Irvin, Li Yisheng, Ahluwalia Jasjit S, Cinciripini Paul M, Wetter David W
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America.
Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2014 Jun;28(2):580-5. doi: 10.1037/a0036512.
Recent research suggests that mindfulness benefits emotion regulation and smoking cessation. However, the mechanisms by which mindfulness affects emotional and behavioral functioning are unclear. One potential mechanism, lower affective volatility, has not been empirically tested during smoking cessation. This study examined longitudinal associations among mindfulness and emotional responding over the course of smoking cessation treatment among predominantly low-socioeconomic status (SES) African American smokers, who are at high risk for relapse to smoking and tobacco-related health disparities. Participants (N = 399, 51% female, mean age = 42, 48% with annual income <$10,000) completed a baseline measure of trait mindfulness. Negative affect, positive affect, and depressive symptoms were assessed at five time points during smoking cessation treatment (up to 31 days postquit). Volatility indices were calculated to quantify within-person instability of emotional symptoms over time. Over and above demographic characteristics, nicotine dependence, and abstinence status, greater baseline trait mindfulness predicted lower volatility of negative affect and depressive symptoms surrounding the quit attempt and up to 1 month postquit, ps < 0.05. Although volatility did not mediate the association between greater mindfulness and smoking cessation, these results are the first to show that mindfulness is linked to lower affective volatility (or greater stability) of negative emotions during the course of smoking cessation. The present study suggests that mindfulness is linked to greater emotional stability and augments the study of mindfulness in diverse populations. Future studies should examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on volatility and whether lower volatility explains effects of mindfulness-based treatments on smoking cessation.
近期研究表明，正念有益于情绪调节和戒烟。然而，正念影响情绪和行为功能的机制尚不清楚。一种潜在机制，即较低的情感波动性，在戒烟过程中尚未得到实证检验。本研究调查了主要为社会经济地位较低（SES）的非裔美国吸烟者在戒烟治疗过程中，正念与情绪反应之间的纵向关联，这些吸烟者有很高的复吸风险和与烟草相关的健康差异。参与者（N = 399，51%为女性，平均年龄 = 42岁，48%的年收入 < 10,000美元）完成了一份特质正念的基线测量。在戒烟治疗的五个时间点（戒烟后长达31天）评估了消极情绪、积极情绪和抑郁症状。计算波动性指数以量化情绪症状在个体内部随时间的不稳定性。除了人口统计学特征、尼古丁依赖和戒烟状态外，更高的基线特质正念预示着在戒烟尝试期间及戒烟后长达1个月，消极情绪和抑郁症状的波动性更低，p值 < 0.05。尽管波动性并未介导更高的正念与戒烟之间的关联，但这些结果首次表明，在戒烟过程中，正念与消极情绪的较低情感波动性（或更高稳定性）相关。本研究表明，正念与更高的情绪稳定性相关，并扩展了对不同人群中正念的研究。未来的研究应考察基于正念的干预措施对波动性的影响，以及较低的波动性是否解释了基于正念的治疗对戒烟的效果。
