Cossio-Bolaños Marco, Cossio-Bolaños Wilbert, Menacho Adriana Araya, Gómez Campos Rossana, Silva Yuri Muniz da, Abella Carlos Pablos, de Arruda Miguel
Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2014 Aug;112(4):302-7. doi: 10.5546/aap.2014.eng.302.
Obesity is the main risk factor for arterial hypertension andis associatedwitha higher morbidity, both in the short and long term.
To compare anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in terms of the nutritional status, to verify the relationship between nutritional status and blood pressure, and to establish the prevalence of hypertension in terms of the nutritional status in both male and female adolescents.
Cross-sectional, descriptive study on 499 adolescent students aged 11-15 years old. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and blood pressure were measured and assessed. The BMI was used to classify participants (normal weight, overweight, obese), and the prevalence of hypertension was determined using values above the 95th percentile.
As per the BMI classification, 81% of girls and 76.5% ofboys had normal weight, 15.7% of girls and 15.5% of boys were overweight, and 3.3% of girls and 8% of boys were obese. As per the blood pressure classification, hypertension was observed in 6.4% of boys and in 9% of girls. A relationship was found between nutritional status and blood pressure (boys: c2= 53.48; girls: c2= 85.21).
Overweight and obese adolescents had more body fat and a higher blood pressure than normal weight adolescents. Also, a relationship was determined betweennutritional status and blood pressure in both male and female students. The higher the BMI, the higher the prevalence of hypertension.
肥胖是动脉高血压的主要危险因素，且在短期和长期内都与较高的发病率相关。
比较不同营养状况下的人体测量指标和血压指标，验证营养状况与血压之间的关系，并确定男、女青少年中基于营养状况的高血压患病率。
对499名11至15岁的青少年学生进行横断面描述性研究。测量并评估体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）、脂肪百分比和血压。使用BMI对参与者进行分类（正常体重、超重、肥胖），并使用高于第95百分位数的值确定高血压患病率。
根据BMI分类，81%的女孩和76.5%的男孩体重正常，15.7%的女孩和15.5%的男孩超重，3.3%的女孩和8%的男孩肥胖。根据血压分类，6.4%的男孩和9%的女孩患有高血压。发现营养状况与血压之间存在关联（男孩：χ²=53.48；女孩：χ²=85.21）。
超重和肥胖青少年比正常体重青少年有更多的体脂肪和更高的血压。此外，确定了男、女学生的营养状况与血压之间存在关联。BMI越高，高血压患病率越高。
