Department of Psychology.
Psychol Aging. 2014 Jun;29(2):250-63. doi: 10.1037/a0035908.
Are the beliefs that older adults hold about their memory abilities associated with their scores on lab-based memory tasks? A review of the aging literature suggests that the correlation between subjective and objective memory is inconsistent, with some studies reporting significant effects and others reporting null results. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the relationship between subjective memory, defined as general predictions about memory, and objective memory performance in older adults, and to examine the conditions under which this relationship may be strongest. This meta-analysis included 53 studies, each of which included a normatively aging older adult sample. Overall, the association between subjective and objective memory was small (r = .062, SE = 0.014) but reliably greater than zero. Moderator analyses were conducted to better understand the parameters of this effect. Age, years of education, gender, depression symptoms, length and format of subjective memory measures, and type of objective memory were significantly correlated with effect size. These results caution against relying on general subjective memory belief measures as a substitute for objective assessments of memory.
老年人对自己记忆能力的看法是否与其在实验室记忆任务中的得分有关？对老龄化文献的回顾表明，主观记忆和客观记忆之间的相关性不一致，一些研究报告了显著的影响，而另一些研究则报告了零结果。进行了一项荟萃分析，以定量总结老年人的主观记忆（即对记忆的一般预测）与客观记忆表现之间的关系，并研究这种关系可能最强的条件。该荟萃分析包括 53 项研究，每项研究都包括一个正常老龄化的老年人样本。总体而言，主观记忆和客观记忆之间的关联较小（r =.062，SE = 0.014），但可靠地大于零。进行了调节分析，以更好地理解这种效应的参数。年龄、受教育年限、性别、抑郁症状、主观记忆测量的长度和格式以及客观记忆的类型与效应大小显著相关。这些结果告诫人们不要仅仅依靠一般的主观记忆信念测量来替代对记忆的客观评估。
