Koch Holger M, Aylward Lesa L, Hays Sean M, Smolders Roel, Moos Rebecca K, Cocker John, Jones Kate, Warren Nicholas, Levy Len, Bevan Ruth
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany.
Summit Toxicology, LLP, Falls Church, VA, USA.
Toxicol Lett. 2014 Dec 1;231(2):261-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.023. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
An intensive study was conducted to provide data on intra- and inter-individual variation in urinary excretion of a series of ingredients in personal care products (parabens, triclosan, benzophenones) and bisphenol A (BPA, not expected to be an ingredient) in 8 volunteers over 6 days. Exposure diaries recorded use of personal care products with identified target analytes as ingredients. Participants' usual products were replaced with products without the target analytes for 2 of the 6 days. Urine void volumes and times were recorded. Methyl, ethyl, and n-propylparabens, triclosan, benzophenone-3, and BPA were frequently detected (≥70% of samples). Urinary concentrations of the parabens and triclosan were lower on product replacement days. First morning void concentrations correlated moderately to highly with 24-h composite concentrations for all analytes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for spot samples collected on days with usual product use were low for BPA (0.15), moderate for n-propylparaben and methylparaben (0.39 and 0.56, respectively), and high for ethylparaben, benzophenone-3, and triclosan (0.76, 0.81, and 0.934, respectively); ICCs were consistently higher on the basis of cr-adjusted concentrations. Hydration status adjustment methods were assessed by comparing unadjusted and adjusted concentrations to urinary excretion rates (ER, ng/kg-h) for all analytes and samples. Specific gravity-adjusted concentrations correlated slightly better with ER than creatinine-adjusted concentrations. Within-individual variation in biomarker concentrations was highest for methyl and ethylparabens (2 orders of magnitude variation in spot sample concentrations) and lower for the other analytes (1-1.5 orders of magnitude). This dataset provides insight into the design and interpretation of urinary biomonitoring studies for non-persistent chemicals.
进行了一项深入研究，以获取8名志愿者在6天内个人护理产品中一系列成分（对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯生、二苯甲酮）以及双酚A（BPA，预计不是成分）的尿排泄个体内和个体间差异的数据。暴露日记记录了含有已识别目标分析物作为成分的个人护理产品的使用情况。在6天中的2天，将参与者的常用产品替换为不含目标分析物的产品。记录了排尿量和排尿时间。甲基、乙基和正丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯生、二苯甲酮-3和BPA经常被检测到（≥70%的样本）。在产品替换日，对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯生的尿浓度较低。所有分析物的首次晨尿浓度与24小时综合浓度呈中度至高相关性。在使用常用产品的日子采集的即时样本的组内相关系数（ICC），双酚A较低（0.15），正丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯中等（分别为0.39和0.56），而乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、二苯甲酮-3和三氯生较高（分别为0.76、0.81和0.934）；基于肌酐校正浓度的ICC始终更高。通过比较所有分析物和样本的未校正浓度与校正浓度与尿排泄率（ER，ng/kg-h），评估了水合状态调整方法。比重校正浓度与ER的相关性略优于肌酐校正浓度。生物标志物浓度的个体内差异，甲基和乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯最高（即时样本浓度有2个数量级的变化），其他分析物较低（1 - 1.5个数量级）。该数据集为非持久性化学物质的尿生物监测研究的设计和解释提供了见解。
