Lankadurai Brian P, Furdui Vasile I, Reiner Eric J, Simpson André J, Simpson Myrna J
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada.
Metabolites. 2013 Aug 27;3(3):718-40. doi: 10.3390/metabo3030718.
1H NMR-based metabolomics was used to measure the response of Eisenia fetida earthworms after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in soil. Earthworms were exposed to a range of PFOS concentrations (five, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg) for two, seven and fourteen days. Earthworm tissues were extracted and analyzed by 1H NMR. Multivariate statistical analysis of the metabolic response of E. fetida to PFOS exposure identified time-dependent responses that were comprised of two separate modes of action: a non-polar narcosis type mechanism after two days of exposure and increased fatty acid oxidation after seven and fourteen days of exposure. Univariate statistical analysis revealed that 2-hexyl-5-ethyl-3-furansulfonate (HEFS), betaine, leucine, arginine, glutamate, maltose and ATP are potential indicators of PFOS exposure, as the concentrations of these metabolites fluctuated significantly. Overall, NMR-based metabolomic analysis suggests elevated fatty acid oxidation, disruption in energy metabolism and biological membrane structure and a possible interruption of ATP synthesis. These conclusions obtained from analysis of the metabolic profile in response to sub-lethal PFOS exposure indicates that NMR-based metabolomics is an excellent discovery tool when the mode of action (MOA) of contaminants is not clearly defined.
基于1H核磁共振的代谢组学用于测量赤子爱胜蚓在暴露于土壤中低于致死浓度的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）后的反应。将蚯蚓暴露于一系列PFOS浓度（5、10、25、50、100或150毫克/千克）下2天、7天和14天。提取蚯蚓组织并通过1H核磁共振进行分析。对赤子爱胜蚓对PFOS暴露的代谢反应进行多变量统计分析，确定了时间依赖性反应，该反应由两种不同的作用模式组成：暴露2天后的非极性麻醉型机制，以及暴露7天和14天后脂肪酸氧化增加。单变量统计分析表明，2-己基-5-乙基-3-呋喃磺酸盐（HEFS）、甜菜碱、亮氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、麦芽糖和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）是PFOS暴露的潜在指标，因为这些代谢物的浓度波动显著。总体而言，基于核磁共振的代谢组学分析表明脂肪酸氧化增加、能量代谢和生物膜结构受到破坏，以及三磷酸腺苷合成可能中断。这些从对低于致死PFOS暴露的代谢谱分析中得出的结论表明，当污染物的作用模式（MOA）不明确时，基于核磁共振的代谢组学是一种出色的发现工具。
