Jiao Yuannian, Paterson Andrew H
Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30606, USA.
Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30606, USA
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 Aug 5;369(1648). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0355.
The occurrence of polyploidy in land plant evolution has led to an acceleration of genome modifications relative to other crown eukaryotes and is correlated with key innovations in plant evolution. Extensive genome resources provide for relating genomic changes to the origins of novel morphological and physiological features of plants. Ancestral gene contents for key nodes of the plant family tree are inferred. Pervasive polyploidy in angiosperms appears likely to be the major factor generating novel angiosperm genes and expanding some gene families. However, most gene families lose most duplicated copies in a quasi-neutral process, and a few families are actively selected for single-copy status. One of the great challenges of evolutionary genomics is to link genome modifications to speciation, diversification and the morphological and/or physiological innovations that collectively compose biodiversity. Rapid accumulation of genomic data and its ongoing investigation may greatly improve the resolution at which evolutionary approaches can contribute to the identification of specific genes responsible for particular innovations. The resulting, more 'particulate' understanding of plant evolution, may elevate to a new level fundamental knowledge of botanical diversity, including economically important traits in the crop plants that sustain humanity.
陆地植物进化过程中多倍体的出现，相对于其他冠层真核生物而言，加速了基因组的修饰，并且与植物进化中的关键创新相关联。丰富的基因组资源有助于将基因组变化与植物新的形态和生理特征的起源联系起来。推断出植物谱系关键节点的祖先基因含量。被子植物中普遍存在的多倍体似乎很可能是产生新的被子植物基因和扩展一些基因家族的主要因素。然而，大多数基因家族在一个近似中性的过程中失去了大部分重复拷贝，少数家族则被积极选择为单拷贝状态。进化基因组学的重大挑战之一是将基因组修饰与物种形成、多样化以及共同构成生物多样性的形态和/或生理创新联系起来。基因组数据的快速积累及其持续研究可能会极大地提高进化方法在识别导致特定创新的特定基因方面的分辨率。由此产生的对植物进化的更“具体”的理解，可能会将植物多样性的基础知识提升到一个新的水平，包括维持人类生存的农作物中的重要经济性状。
