Viswanathan Stalin
Department of General Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Kathirkamam, Pondicherry 605009, India.
ISRN Nephrol. 2013 May 23;2013:215690. doi: 10.5402/2013/215690. eCollection 2013.
Since time immemorial uroscopic analysis has been a staple of diagnostic medicine. It received prominence during the middle ages with the introduction of the matula. Urinary discoloration is generally due to changes in urochrome concentration associated with the presence of other endogenous or exogenous pigments. Observation of urine colors has received less attention due to the advances made in urinalysis. A gamut of urine colors can be seen in urine bags of hospitalized patients that may give clue to presence of infections, medications, poisons, and hemolysis. Although worrisome to the patient, urine discoloration is mostly benign and resolves with removal of the offending agent. Twelve urine bags with discolored urine (and their predisposing causes) have been shown as examples. Urine colors (blue-green, yellow, orange, pink, red, brown, black, white, and purple) and their etiologies have been reviewed following a literature search in these databases: Pubmed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Proquest, Google Scholar, Springer, and Ovid.
自古以来，尿液镜检分析一直是诊断医学的重要组成部分。在中世纪，随着matula的引入，它受到了广泛关注。尿液变色通常是由于尿色素浓度的变化以及其他内源性或外源性色素的存在。由于尿液分析技术的进步，对尿液颜色的观察受到的关注较少。在住院患者的尿袋中可以看到各种各样的尿液颜色，这可能提示感染、药物、中毒和溶血的存在。尽管尿液变色会让患者担忧，但大多数情况下是良性的，去除致病因素后即可缓解。文中展示了12个尿液变色的尿袋（及其诱发原因）作为示例。通过在这些数据库（PubMed、EBSCO、Science Direct、ProQuest、谷歌学术、Springer和Ovid）中进行文献检索，对尿液颜色（蓝绿色、黄色、橙色、粉色、红色、棕色、黑色、白色和紫色）及其病因进行了综述。
