Ansorge Ulrich, Kunde Wilfried, Kiefer Markus
Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Wien, Austria; Institut für Kognitionswissenschaften, Universität Osnabrück, Germany.
Abteilung für Psychologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 2014 Jul;27:268-87. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.05.009. Epub 2014 Jun 22.
Research on unconscious or unaware vision has demonstrated that unconscious processing can be flexibly adapted to the current goals of human agents. The present review focuses on one area of research, masked visual priming. This method uses visual stimuli presented in a temporal sequence to lower the visibility of one of these stimuli. In this way, a stimulus can be masked and even rendered invisible. Despite its invisibility, a masked stimulus if used as a prime can influence a variety of executive functions, such as response activation, semantic processing, or attention shifting. There are also limitations on the processing of masked primes. While masked priming research demonstrates the top-down dependent usage of unconscious vision during task-set execution it also highlights that the set-up of a new task-set depends on conscious vision as its input. This basic distinction captures a major qualitative difference between conscious and unconscious vision.
对无意识或未察觉视觉的研究表明，无意识加工能够灵活地适应人类主体当前的目标。本综述聚焦于研究的一个领域——掩蔽视觉启动。该方法利用按时间顺序呈现的视觉刺激来降低其中一个刺激的可见性。通过这种方式，一个刺激可以被掩蔽甚至变得不可见。尽管其不可见，但用作启动刺激的掩蔽刺激能够影响多种执行功能，如反应激活、语义加工或注意力转移。掩蔽启动刺激的加工也存在局限性。虽然掩蔽启动研究证明了在任务集执行过程中无意识视觉的自上而下依赖性使用，但它也突出表明，新任务集的设置依赖于有意识视觉作为其输入。这一基本区别体现了有意识视觉和无意识视觉之间的一个主要质的差异。
