Eriksen Kirsten T, Halkjær Jytte, Sørensen Mette, Meliker Jaymie R, McElroy Jane A, Tjønneland Anne, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Graduate Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 25;9(6):e100815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100815. eCollection 2014.
Cadmium is a human lung carcinogen and possesses estrogen-like activity. This combination of carcinogenic and estrogenic activity makes cadmium a contaminant of high concern for hormone-related cancers. Diet and smoking are the main sources of cadmium exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary cadmium intake and risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer in Danish postmenopausal woman.
We estimated dietary cadmium intake in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort at enrolment 1993-97. The estimates were based on food frequency questionnaires and cadmium contents in all foods. Among 23,815 postmenopausal women we identified 1390 breast, 192 endometrial, and 146 ovarian cancer cases from enrolment through December 31, 2010 using the Danish Cancer Registry. Cox regression was used to analyse the association between dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk.
Mean dietary cadmium intake was 14 µg/day. Cadmium was not associated with breast cancer, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-1.13 per 10 µg higher dietary cadmium intake/day; endometrial cancer, IRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.76-1.53; or ovarian cancer, IRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.78-1.70. We found a positive association between cadmium and endometrial cancer for the women with BMI<25 (IRR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.94-2.39), whereas an inverse association was seen for the women with BMI≥25 (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.42-1.12); p value for interaction = 0.02.
Our study does not indicate that our estimated dietary cadmium intake is associated with hormone-related cancers in women.
镉是一种人类肺癌致癌物，具有雌激素样活性。这种致癌和雌激素活性的结合使镉成为与激素相关癌症高度关注的污染物。饮食和吸烟是镉暴露的主要来源。本研究的目的是调查丹麦绝经后女性饮食中镉摄入量与乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌风险之间的关联。
我们在1993 - 1997年入组时估计了饮食、癌症与健康队列中饮食镉的摄入量。估计值基于食物频率问卷和所有食物中的镉含量。在23815名绝经后女性中，我们使用丹麦癌症登记处的数据，从入组到2010年12月31日，确定了1390例乳腺癌、192例子宫内膜癌和146例卵巢癌病例。采用Cox回归分析饮食镉摄入量与癌症风险之间的关联。
饮食镉的平均摄入量为每天14微克。镉与乳腺癌无关，饮食镉摄入量每增加10微克/天，发病率比（IRR）=0.99，95%置信区间（CI）：0.87 - 1.13；与子宫内膜癌无关，IRR = 1.08，95% CI：0.76 - 1.53；与卵巢癌无关，IRR = 1.15，95% CI：0.78 - 1.70。我们发现，体重指数（BMI）<25的女性中，镉与子宫内膜癌呈正相关（IRR = 1.50，95% CI：0.94 - 2.39），而BMI≥25的女性中则呈负相关（IRR = 0.69，A95% CI：0.42 - 1.12）；交互作用的P值 = 0.02。
我们的研究并未表明我们估计的饮食镉摄入量与女性激素相关癌症有关。
