Amor Michael D, Norman Mark D, Cameron Hayley E, Strugnell Jan M
Genetics Department, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Science Department, Museum Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Science Department, Museum Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 25;9(6):e98982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098982. eCollection 2014.
Despite extensive revisions over recent decades, the taxonomy of benthic octopuses (Family Octopodidae) remains in a considerable flux. Among groups of unresolved status is a species complex of morphologically similar shallow-water octopods from subtropical Australasia, including: Allopatric populations of Octopus tetricus on the eastern and western coasts of Australia, of which the Western Australian form is speculated to be a distinct or sub-species; and Octopus gibbsi from New Zealand, a proposed synonym of Australian forms. This study employed a combination of molecular and morphological techniques to resolve the taxonomic status of the 'tetricus complex'. Phylogenetic analyses (based on five mitochondrial genes: 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, COIII and Cytb) and Generalised Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis (based on COI, COIII and Cytb) distinguished eastern and Western Australian O. tetricus as distinct species, while O. gibbsi was found to be synonymous with the east Australian form (BS = >97, PP = 1; GMYC p = 0.01). Discrete morphological differences in mature male octopuses (based on sixteen morphological traits) provided further evidence of cryptic speciation between east (including New Zealand) and west coast populations; although females proved less useful in morphological distinction among members of the tetricus complex. In addition, phylogenetic analyses suggested populations of octopuses currently treated under the name Octopus vulgaris are paraphyletic; providing evidence of cryptic speciation among global populations of O. vulgaris, the most commercially valuable octopus species worldwide.
尽管近几十年来进行了广泛修订，但底栖章鱼（章鱼科）的分类学仍处于相当大的变动之中。在尚未解决分类地位的类群中，有一个来自亚热带澳大拉西亚的形态相似的浅水章鱼物种复合体，包括：澳大利亚东海岸和西海岸的四眼章鱼异域种群，其中西澳大利亚的形态被推测为一个独特的物种或亚种；以及来自新西兰的吉布斯章鱼，它被认为是澳大利亚形态的同义词。本研究采用分子和形态学技术相结合的方法来解决“四眼章鱼复合体”的分类地位。系统发育分析（基于五个线粒体基因：12S rRNA、16S rRNA、COI、COIII和Cytb）和广义混合尤尔合并（GMYC）分析（基于COI、COIII和Cytb）将澳大利亚东部和西部的四眼章鱼区分开来，为不同的物种，而吉布斯章鱼被发现与澳大利亚东部的形态同义（BS => 97，PP = 1；GMYC p = 0.01）。成熟雄性章鱼的离散形态差异（基于16个形态特征）为东部（包括新西兰）和西海岸种群之间的隐性物种形成提供了进一步证据；尽管雌性章鱼在四眼章鱼复合体成员之间的形态区分中作用较小。此外，系统发育分析表明，目前以普通章鱼之名处理的章鱼种群是并系的；这为全球普通章鱼种群之间的隐性物种形成提供了证据，普通章鱼是全球最具商业价值的章鱼物种。
