MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jun 27;63(25):537-41.
Approximately 16% of the estimated 1.1 million persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States are unaware of their infection and thus unable to benefit from effective treatment that improves health and reduces transmission risk. Since 2006, CDC has recommended that health-care providers screen for HIV all patients aged 13-64 years unless prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection in their patients has been documented to be <0.1%. This report describes novel HIV screening programs at the Urban Health Plan (UHP), Inc. in New York City and the Interim Louisiana Hospital (ILH) in New Orleans. Data were provided by the two programs. UHP screened a monthly average of 986 patients for HIV during January 2011-September 2013. Of the 32,534 patients screened, 148 (0.45%) tested HIV-positive, of whom 147 (99%) received their test result and 43 (29%) were newly diagnosed. None of the 148 patients with HIV infection were previously receiving medical care, and 120 (81%) were linked to HIV medical care. The ILH emergency department (ED) and the urgent-care center (UCC) screened a monthly average of 1,323 patients from mid-March to December 2013. Of the 12,568 patients screened, 102 (0.81%) tested HIV-positive, of whom 100 (98%) received their test result, 77 (75%) were newly diagnosed, and five (5%) had acute HIV infection. Linkage to HIV medical care was successful for 67 (74%) of 91 patients not already in care. Routine HIV screening identified patients with new and previously diagnosed HIV infection and facilitated their linkage to medical care. The two HIV screening programs highlighted in this report can serve as models that could be adapted by other health-care settings.
在美国，约有 110 万艾滋病毒感染者（HIV）中约有 16%不知道自己感染了 HIV，因此无法从提高健康水平和降低传播风险的有效治疗中获益。自 2006 年以来，疾病预防控制中心建议所有 13-64 岁的患者进行 HIV 筛查，除非已证明其患者中未确诊的 HIV 感染率<0.1%。本报告描述了纽约市城市健康计划（UHP）和新奥尔良临时路易斯安那医院（ILH）的新型 HIV 筛查项目。这两个项目提供了数据。UHP 在 2011 年 1 月至 2013 年 9 月期间，每月平均筛查 986 名 HIV 患者。在筛查的 32534 名患者中，148 人（0.45%）HIV 检测呈阳性，其中 147 人（99%）收到了检测结果，43 人（29%）为新诊断。148 名 HIV 感染者中没有一人之前正在接受医疗护理，120 人（81%）已与 HIV 医疗护理建立了联系。ILH 的急诊室（ED）和紧急护理中心（UCC）在 2013 年 3 月中旬至 12 月期间每月平均筛查 1323 名患者。在筛查的 12568 名患者中，102 人（0.81%）HIV 检测呈阳性，其中 100 人（98%）收到了检测结果，77 人（75%）为新诊断，5 人（5%）为急性 HIV 感染。在没有接受护理的 91 名患者中，有 67 名（74%）成功与 HIV 医疗护理建立了联系。常规 HIV 筛查发现了新的和以前诊断的 HIV 感染者，并促进了他们与医疗护理的联系。本报告中强调的两个 HIV 筛查项目可以作为其他医疗保健机构可以借鉴的模式。
