Ngala Bruno M, Haydock Patrick P J, Woods Simon, Back Matthew A
Crop and Environment Sciences Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2015 May;71(5):759-69. doi: 10.1002/ps.3849. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
The viability of potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations (Globodera pallida) was evaluated in three field experiments using Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa amendments. These species were summer cultivated and autumn incorporated in experiment 1; in experiment 2, overwintered brassicaceous cover crops were spring incorporated. Experiment 3 involved determination of effects of metconazole application on biomass/glucosinolate production by B. juncea and R. sativus and on PCN pre- and post-incorporation. Glucosinolate contents were determined before incorporation. Following cover crop incorporation, field plots were planted with susceptible potatoes to evaluate the biofumigation effects on PCN reproduction.
In experiment 1, PCN population post-potato harvest was reduced (P = 0.03) in B. juncea-treated plots, while R. sativus prevented further multiplication, but in experiment 2 there were no significant effects on PCN reproduction. In experiment 3, B. juncea or R. sativus either untreated or treated with metconazole reduced PCN populations. Glucosinolate concentrations varied significantly between different plant regions and cultivation seasons. Metconazole application increased the sinigrin concentration in B. juncea tissues. Glucosinolate concentrations correlated positively with PCN mortality for summer-cultivated brassicaceous plants.
The results demonstrated that B. juncea and R. sativus green manures can play an important role in PCN management, particularly if included in an integrated pest management scheme.
在三项田间试验中，使用芥菜、萝卜和芝麻菜改良剂评估了马铃薯胞囊线虫（PCN，Globodera pallida）种群的活力。在试验1中，这些物种于夏季种植并在秋季翻耕入土；在试验2中，越冬的十字花科覆盖作物于春季翻耕入土。试验3涉及测定戊唑醇处理对芥菜和萝卜生物量/硫代葡萄糖苷产量以及对翻耕前后PCN的影响。在翻耕前测定硫代葡萄糖苷含量。在覆盖作物翻耕入土后，在田间地块种植易感马铃薯，以评估生物熏蒸对PCN繁殖的影响。
在试验1中，芥菜处理地块收获马铃薯后的PCN种群数量减少（P = 0.03），而萝卜阻止了PCN的进一步繁殖，但在试验2中，对PCN繁殖没有显著影响。在试验3中，未处理或用戊唑醇处理的芥菜或萝卜均降低了PCN种群数量。硫代葡萄糖苷浓度在不同植物部位和种植季节之间存在显著差异。施用戊唑醇增加了芥菜组织中黑芥子硫苷的浓度。对于夏季种植的十字花科植物，硫代葡萄糖苷浓度与PCN死亡率呈正相关。
结果表明，芥菜和萝卜绿肥在PCN管理中可发挥重要作用，特别是如果将其纳入综合虫害管理方案中。
