Dandurand Louise-Marie, Morra Matt J, Zasada Inga A, Phillips Wendy S, Popova Inna, Harder Cole
Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330.
J Nematol. 2017 Dec;49(4):437-445.
The eradication program for the potato cyst nematode (PCN), , in the Northwest of the United States revolves around the use of soil fumigation. Alternative, integrated strategies are needed to continue to battle this invasive nematode. Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with and another cyst nematode found in the United States, , to evaluate the efficacy of a new formulated seed meal extract, as well as a traditional seed meal, as alternate eradication strategies. This is the first report on the efficacy of seed meal extract against plant-parasitic nematodes. Rates of seed meal greater than 2.2 t/ha and 4.5 t/ha for and , respectively, were required for egg hatch suppression, as determined by a potato root diffusate (PRD) bioassay. Reproduction of on potato after exposure to seed meal at a rate of 2.2 t/ha was also significantly reduced. In the field, 8.9 t/ha seed meal almost eliminated egg hatch of . Rates needed for spp. suppression were greatly reduced when using the seed meal extract. When compared side-by-side, half as much seed meal extract, 1.1 t/ha, was required to suppress egg hatch to the same extent as seed meal. Exposure of to seed meal extract at 4.5 t/ha reduced egg hatch by 90% compared with a nonamended control. The ability to reduce the amount of material being applied to soil by using an extract has the potential for integration into a eradication program.
美国西北部针对马铃薯胞囊线虫（PCN）的根除计划主要围绕土壤熏蒸展开。需要替代性的综合策略来继续对抗这种入侵性线虫。我们对PCN以及在美国发现的另一种胞囊线虫进行了实验室、温室和田间试验，以评估一种新配制的菜籽粕提取物以及传统菜籽粕作为替代根除策略的效果。这是关于菜籽粕提取物对植物寄生线虫功效的首份报告。通过马铃薯根渗出物（PRD）生物测定法确定，抑制卵孵化所需的菜籽粕施用量分别为：对于PCN，大于2.2吨/公顷；对于另一种线虫，则大于4.5吨/公顷。以2.2吨/公顷的速率将PCN暴露于菜籽粕后其在马铃薯上的繁殖也显著减少。在田间，8.9吨/公顷的菜籽粕几乎消除了另一种线虫的卵孵化。使用菜籽粕提取物时抑制另一种线虫所需的施用量大幅降低。并排比较时，将卵孵化抑制到与菜籽粕相同程度所需的菜籽粕提取物量仅为其一半，即1.1吨/公顷。与未改良对照相比，以4.5吨/公顷的量将另一种线虫暴露于菜籽粕提取物后卵孵化减少了90%。通过使用提取物减少施用于土壤的材料量的能力有潜力被纳入PCN根除计划。
