Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Int J Womens Health. 2014 Jun 10;6:605-11. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S51138. eCollection 2014.
More than 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Mother-to-child transmission remains the most important mechanism of infection in countries with a high prevalence of HBV. Universal screening of all pregnant women, at-birth prophylaxis with specific anti-HBV immune globulin, as well as HBV vaccination for newborns of infected mothers are effective in reducing the risk of vertical transmission. However, in cases of a high viral load and hepatitis B e antigen positivity, there is a residual risk of HBV transmission to the newborn despite prophylaxis. This review focuses on the above-indicated strategies and on the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs administered during the third trimester of pregnancy.
全球有超过 2.4 亿人慢性感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）。在 HBV 高发国家，母婴传播仍然是感染的最重要机制。对所有孕妇进行普遍筛查，对 HBV 感染母亲的新生儿出生时进行特定的抗 HBV 免疫球蛋白预防，以及对新生儿进行 HBV 疫苗接种，可有效降低垂直传播的风险。然而，在病毒载量高且乙型肝炎 e 抗原阳性的情况下，尽管进行了预防，新生儿仍有 HBV 传播的残余风险。本综述重点介绍了上述策略，以及在妊娠晚期使用抗病毒药物的疗效和安全性。
